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. 2017 Jul;21(4):249-60.
doi: 10.18869/acadpub.ibj.21.4.249. Epub 2017 Apr 23.

Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Optimization of Medium Trace Nutrients for Glycolipopeptide Biosurfactant Production

Maurice George Ekpenyong  1 , Sylvester Peter Antai  1 , Atim David Asitok  1 , Bassey Offiong Ekpo  2   3
Affiliations

Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Optimization of Medium Trace Nutrients for Glycolipopeptide Biosurfactant Production

Maurice George Ekpenyong et al. Iran Biomed J. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Background: A glycolipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IKW1 reduced the surface tension of fermentation broth from 71.31 to 24.62 dynes/cm at a critical micelle concentration of 20.80 mg/L. The compound proved suitable for applications in emulsion stabilization in food, as well as in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.

Method: In the present study, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface method (RSM) were employed to screen and optimize concentrations of trace nutrients in the fermentation medium, to increase surfactant yield.

Results: The PBD selected 5 out of the 12 screened significant trace nutrients. The RSM, on the other hand, resulted in the production of 84.44 g glycolipopeptide/L in the optimized medium containing 1.25 mg/L nickel, 0.125 mg/L zinc, 0.075 mg/L iron, 0.0104 mg/L boron, and 0.025 mg/L copper.

Conclusion: Significant second-order quadratic models for biomass (P<0.05; adjusted R2=94.29%) and biosurfactant (R2=99.44%) responses suggest excellent goodness-of-fit of the models. However, their respective non-significant lack-of-fit (Biomass: F=1.28; P=0.418; Biosurfactant: F=1.20; P=0.446) test results indicate their adequacy to explain data variations in the experimental region. The glycolipopeptide is recommended for the formulation of inexpensive pharmaceutical products that require surface-active compounds.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Surface-active agents; Fermentation; Nickel; Copper.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST. None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Normal plot of standardized effects of significant trace nutrients of a Plackett-Burman design for glycolipoeptide-biosurfactant production. Bo is used loosely to indicate boron and not as a chemical symbol.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Main effects plots of contributions of significant trace elements to glycolipopeptide-biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IKW1. BSC, biosurfactant concentration
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Experimental biomass concentration plotted against biomass concentration predicted by the fitted model.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Experimental biosurfactant concentrations versus theoretical values predicted by the regression model.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Contour (A) and surface (B) plots of two-way interactions of independent variables for maximal biomass production. Bo is used loosely to indicate boron and not as a chemical symbol. BMC, biomass concentration
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Contour (A) and surface (B) plots of two-way interactions of independent variables for maximal glycolipopeptide production. Bo is used loosely to indicate boron and not as a chemical symbol. BSC, biosurfactant concentration
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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