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. 2017 Jun;16(2):243-247.
doi: 10.1007/s12663-016-0907-5. Epub 2016 Apr 20.

Ocular Injuries in Patients of Zygomatico-Complex (ZMC) Fractures

Altaf Hussain Malik  1 , Aijaz A Shah  1 , Irshad Ahmad  1 , Babar Ai Shah  1
Affiliations

Ocular Injuries in Patients of Zygomatico-Complex (ZMC) Fractures

Altaf Hussain Malik et al. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017 Jun.

Abstract

Purpose: Mid face injuries commonly destroy the integrity of the orbital skeleton, and are frequently complicated by injury to the eye, ranging between 2.7 and 90.6 % as reported in literature. The eye injuries range from simple subconjunctival haemorrhage to globe rupture. The paper aims to study the types of ocular injuries in patients with ZMC fractures.

Patients and methods: A study of 67 patients, who had sustained facial trauma sufficient to lead to a facial bone fracture, was undertaken in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Govt Dental College, Srinagar from 2008 to 2014 and the patients received a comprehensive examination by an ophthalmologist within 1 week of injury. All the patients sustaining confirmed ZMC fracture were examined by an ophthalmologist for any associated ocular injury. A thorough ophthalmologic examination included assessment of visual acuity, pupillary reactivity, anterior and posterior segment examination and extraocular motility. The variables reviewed included patient's gender, mechanism of injury, visual acuity, pupillary reactivity, extra ocular motility, presence or absence of diplopia, ocular and orbital findings, and intraorbital hypoesthesia.

Results: The most common etiology of trauma was RTA (64.1 %), followed by falls (14.9 %) in our study. In our study 83.5 % of the patients were males. Minor ocular injuries such as subconjunctival haemorrhage and corneal injury accounted for most of the cases. Subconjunctival haemorrhage was the most common injury, present in 86.5 % of the cases. Hyphema was present 13.4 %, vitreous haemorrhage 2.98 %, retinal haemorrhage 1.49 %, corneal abrasion 4.47 %, mydriasis 1.49 %, choroidal rupture 5.97 %, retinal detachment 2.98 %, decreased visual activity 13.4 %, retinal tear and angle recession was present 7.46 % times.

Conclusion: ZMC fractures are associated with higher incidence of ocular injuries. The incidence of traumatic optic neuropathy and other ocular injuries warrants a prompt ophthalmologic examination of all patients with ZMC fractures as quickly as possible to prevent morbidity.

Keywords: Fracture; Ocular; ZMC.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

None.

Ethical Standard

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional/departmental research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

A proper informed consent was obtained from the patients on an approved consent form.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Subconjunctival haemorrhage in a patient of ZMC fracture
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Canthal ligament detachment
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
ZMC fracture on a coronal CT
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Patient with canthal injury and hypoglobus
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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