Structural bases of the inhibitory effects of hemoglobin F and hemoglobin A2 on the polymerization of hemoglobin S

Abstract

We have previously found that the inhibitory effect of hemoglobin F (Hb F) on the polymerization of Hb S proceeds via the formation of asymmetrical hybrid tetramers of the type alpha2betasgamma. Examination of the gelling properties of binary mixtures of Hb S and several Hb variants now shows that, among the gamma chain amino acid residues that differ from those of the beta chain, residues gamma80 (EF4) and gamma87 (F3) are at least partly responsible for this inhibition. Furthermore, we find that mixing Hb A2(alpha2delta2) with Hb S strongly inhibits gelling to an extent similar to that seen with Hb S/Hb F mixtures; this inhibition is attributable to amino acid differences between the delta and beta chain sequences at positions delta22 (B4) and delta87 (F3). Therefore, residues 22, 80, and 87 of the beta chain appear to be involved in intermolecular contact sites that stabilize the deoxy Hb S polymers.