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. 2017 Apr 25;12(4):e0175737.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175737. eCollection 2017.

Chronic pain and sex-differences; women accept and move, while men feel blue

Graciela S Rovner  1   2   3 , Katharina S Sunnerhagen  1 , Ann Björkdahl  1   4 , Björn Gerdle  5 , Björn Börsbo  6   7 , Fredrik Johansson  8 , David Gillanders  9
Affiliations

Chronic pain and sex-differences; women accept and move, while men feel blue

Graciela S Rovner et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore differences between male and female patients entering a rehabilitation program at a pain clinic in order to gain a greater understanding of different approaches to be used in rehabilitation.

Method: 1371 patients referred to a specialty pain rehabilitation clinic, completed sociodemographic and pain related questionnaires. They rated their pain acceptance (CPAQ-8), their kinesiophobia (TSK), the impact of pain in their life (MPI), anxiety and depression levels (HAD) and quality of life scales: the SF-36, LiSat-11, and the EQ-5D. Because of the large sample size of the study, the significance level was set at the p ≤.01.

Results: Analysis by t-test showed that when both sexes experience the same pain severity, women report significantly higher activity level, pain acceptance and social support while men report higher kinesiophobia, mood disturbances and lower activity level.

Conclusion: Pain acceptance (CPAQ-8) and kinesiophobia (TSK) showed the clearest differences between men and women. Pain acceptance and kinesiophobia are behaviorally defined and have the potential to be changed.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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