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Review
. 2017 Apr 27;22(5):680.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22050680.

Innovative "Green" and Novel Strategies for the Extraction of Bioactive Added Value Compounds from Citrus Wastes-A Review

Predrag Putnik  1 , Danijela Bursać Kovačević  2 , Anet Režek Jambrak  3 , Francisco J Barba  4 , Giancarlo Cravotto  5 , Arianna Binello  6 , Jose Manuel Lorenzo  7 , Avi Shpigelman  8
Affiliations
Review

Innovative "Green" and Novel Strategies for the Extraction of Bioactive Added Value Compounds from Citrus Wastes-A Review

Predrag Putnik et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Citrus is a major processed crop that results in large quantities of wastes and by-products rich in various bioactive compounds such as pectins, water soluble and insoluble antioxidants and essential oils. While some of those wastes are currently valorised by various technologies (yet most are discarded or used for feed), effective, non-toxic and profitable extraction strategies could further significantly promote the valorisation and provide both increased profits and high quality bioactives. The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products. The outcomes and effectiveness of those technologies such as microwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high pressure is compared both to conventional valorisation technologies and between the novel technologies themselves in order to highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called "enabling technologies". In many cases the reported novel technologies can enable a valorisation extraction process that is "greener" compared to the conventional technique due to a lower energy consumption and reduced utilization of toxic solvents.

Keywords: citrus wastes; high pressure; microwaves; pulsed electric fields; supercritical CO2; ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anatomy of a citrus fruit.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The most abundant flavonoids found in citrus species.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Set-up for the development and evaluation of a new functional bioactive compound- (extracts and/or isolated compounds) based product.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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