Systematic review with meta-analysis: proximal disease extension in limited ulcerative colitis

Abstract

Background: Disease extent in ulcerative colitis is one of the major factors determining prognosis over the long-term. Disease extent is dynamic and a proportion of patients presenting with limited disease progress to more extensive forms of disease over time.

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies reporting on extension of ulcerative colitis to determine frequency of disease extension in patients with limited ulcerative colitis at diagnosis.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies on disease extension of ulcerative colitis (UC) and predictors of disease progression.

Results: Overall, 41 studies were eligible for systematic review but only 30 for meta-analysis. The overall pooled frequency of UC extension was 22.8% with colonic extension being 17.8% at 5 years and 31% at 10 years. Extension was 17.8% (95% CI 11.2-27.3) from E1 to E3, 27.5% (95% CI 7.6-45.6) from E2 to E3 and 20.8% (95% CI 11.4-26.8) from E1 to E2. Rate of extension was significantly higher in patients younger than 18 years (29.2% (CI 6.4-71.3) compared to older patients (20.2% (CI 13.0-30.1) (P<.0001). Risk of extension was significantly higher in patients from North America (37.8%) than from Europe (19.6%) (P<.0001).

Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, approximately one quarter of patients with limited UC extend over time with most extension occurring during the first 10 years. Rate of extension depends on age at diagnosis and geographic origin. Predicting those at high risk of disease extension from diagnosis could lead to personalised therapeutic strategies.

FIGURE 1

Prisma flow chart illustrating the selection of the included studies. 139 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 30 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis)

FIGURE 2

Forest plot of the included studies comparing (A) UC overall rate of extension. Extension over the time: (B) UC overall rate of extension at 5 years and (C) UC overall rate of extension at 10 years

FIGURE 2

Forest plot of the included studies comparing (A) UC overall rate of extension. Extension over the time: (B) UC overall rate of extension at 5 years and (C) UC overall rate of extension at 10 years

FIGURE 3

Forest plot of the included studies comparing rate of extension from E1 (proctitis) to E2 (left side colitis) (A), E1 to E3 (extensive colitis) (B) and E2 to E3 (C)

FIGURE 4

Forest plot of the included studies comparing overall rate of extension in patient older (A) vs younger than 18 years old (B). Chi-squared test comparing the rate of extension in younger patients vs older showed significant difference (P<.0001)

FIGURE 5

Forest plot of the included studies comparing overall rate of extension based on geographic area. A, Europe; B, North America; C, Rest of the world. The difference in rate of extension between North America (37.8%) and Europe (19.6%) was statistically significant (P<.0001) as well as between North America and the rest of the world (P<.0001) and Europe and the rest of World (P=.005)