Analysis of facial morphology of UK and US general election candidates: Does the 'power face' exist?

Abstract

Aims: To determine the frequency of recognised morphologic facial phenotypes among the UK and US election candidates and to assess whether there is a relationship between facial morphology and success in general elections.

Methods: Facial morphology analysis of prime ministerial and presidential candidates in the UK and US elections was performed. Direct facial measurements were made from frontal images and facial morphological indices calculated for all candidates. Anthropometric facial phenotype was determined and comparisons made between the elected leaders and unelected runner-up candidates. Paired candidates who had different facial types were analysed as a subgroup, with the probabilities of electoral success calculated.

Results: Data were available for 45 subjects: 22 election winners and 23 unelected runner-ups. Our data showed some variation in facial morphology between the groups. The predominant facial phenotype in both groups was leptoprosopic (long and/or narrow face), accounting for 40% (n = 18). Mesoprosopic (average dimension) and euryprosopic (short and/or broad) facial type represented 31% (n = 14) and 18% (n = 8), respectively. A majority of the sample (n = 36) demonstrated a malar width to mandibular angle width ratio consistent with the modern 'power face' proportion. Subgroup analysis showed a significant association with success in an election when leptoprosopic candidates were paired against candidates of another facial phenotype (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Leptoprosopic (long and/or narrow) facial phenotype with a wide mandibular angle width is predominant in the UK and US election candidates. Moreover, this facial phenotype appears to be associated with greater electoral success, supporting the concept of a modern political 'power face'.

Keywords: Elections; Facial morphology; Politicians; Power-face; Presidents; Prime minister.