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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2017 Apr:210:124-131.
doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.11.011. Epub 2016 Nov 11.

Predictors of change in omega-3 index with fish oil supplementation in peripheral artery disease

Laura M Drudi  1 , Melinda S Schaller  2 , Jade Hiramoto  2 , Warren Gasper  3 , William S Harris  4 , Nancy K Hills  5 , S Marlene Grenon  6
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Predictors of change in omega-3 index with fish oil supplementation in peripheral artery disease

Laura M Drudi et al. J Surg Res. 2017 Apr.

Abstract

Background: The omega-3 index represents the red blood cell (RBC) content of two major long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. We sought to determine factors associated with a favorable response to fish oil treatment and to characterize changes in RBC PUFAs associated with fish oil supplementation.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the OMEGA-PAD I trial, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial investigating short-duration, high-dose n-3 PUFA oral supplementation on endothelial function and inflammation in subjects with peripheral arterial disease. Patients with mild to severe claudication received either 4.4 g of fish oil providing 2.6 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.8 g of docosahexaenoic acid daily (n = 40) or placebo capsules (n = 40) for 1 mo. The RBC fatty acid content was measured by gas chromatography and expressed as a percent of total fatty acids. The change in omega-3 index was calculated as the difference between pre- and post-supplementation in the fish oil and placebo groups. Univariate analysis identified predictors of change in omega-3 index, with these variables included in our multivariable model.

Results: In the fish oil group, there was an increase in the omega-3 index (5.1± 1.3% to 9.0± 1.8%; P < 0.0001), whereas there was no change in the control group. Factors associated with a favorable response (i.e., greater than the median change of 4.06%) included a lower body mass index and higher concentrations of low-density lipoproteins. Other demographic and/or lifestyle factors such as age, race, or smoking status were unrelated to the response. Oral n-3 PUFA supplementation also decreased the n-6 PUFA content in RBCs.

Conclusions: Short-term, high-dose n-3 PUFA supplementation increases the omega-3 index to a greater extent in patients with a lower body mass index and higher total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Keywords: Fish oil; Omega-3 index; Peripheral artery disease; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors Disclosure Statement: The authors declare no financial conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Baseline omega-3 index in patients with PAD
Histogram of omega-3 index at baseline in placebo group (A) and fish oil group (B). The histograms show a similarly right-tailed distribution in the two groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Change in omega-3 index
Following one month of fish oil supplementation, there was no change in the omega-3 index in the control group [4.8 ± 1.5% to 4.9 ± 1.4% (p=0.49)] (A). The mean omega-3 index increased significantly from 5.1 ± 1.3% to 9.0 ± 1.8% (p<0.0001) in the supplemented fish oil group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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