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Observational Study
. 2017 Nov;70(11):947-953.
doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204231. Epub 2017 May 2.

Characteristics associated with requests by pathologists for second opinions on breast biopsies

Berta M Geller  1 , Heidi D Nelson  2 , Donald L Weaver  3 , Paul D Frederick  4 , Kimberly H Allison  5 , Tracy Onega  6 , Patricia A Carney  7 , Anna N A Tosteson  8 , Joann G Elmore  4
Affiliations
Observational Study

Characteristics associated with requests by pathologists for second opinions on breast biopsies

Berta M Geller et al. J Clin Pathol. 2017 Nov.

Abstract

Aims: Second opinions in pathology improve patient safety by reducing diagnostic errors, leading to more appropriate clinical treatment decisions. Little objective data are available regarding the factors triggering a request for second opinion despite second opinion consultations being part of the diagnostic system of pathology. Therefore we sought to assess breast biopsy cases and interpreting pathologists characteristics associated with second opinion requests.

Methods: Collected pathologist surveys and their interpretations of 60 test set cases were used to explore the relationships between case characteristics, pathologist characteristics and case perceptions, and requests for second opinions. Data were evaluated by logistic regression and generalised estimating equations.

Results: 115 pathologists provided 6900 assessments; pathologists requested second opinions on 70% (4827/6900) of their assessments 36% (1731/4827) of these would not have been required by policy. All associations between case characteristics and requesting second opinions were statistically significant, including diagnostic category, breast density, biopsy type, and number of diagnoses noted per case. Exclusive of institutional policies, pathologists wanted second opinions most frequently for atypia (66%) and least frequently for invasive cancer (20%). Second opinion rates were higher when the pathologist had lower assessment confidence, in cases with higher perceived difficulty, and cases with borderline diagnoses.

Conclusions: Pathologists request second opinions for challenging cases, particularly those with atypia, high breast density, core needle biopsies, or many co-existing diagnoses. Further studies should evaluate whether the case characteristics identified in this study could be used as clinical criteria to prompt system-level strategies for mandating second opinions.

Keywords: BREAST CANCER; BREAST PATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; LABORATORY MANAGEMENT.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Requests for second opinion by participating pathologists’ diagnostic categories.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportion of second opinions requested for the test set cases by case-level pathologists’ perceptions and their diagnostic categories.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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