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. 2017 Mar;28(1):33-38.
doi: 10.1007/s13337-017-0363-y. Epub 2017 Mar 18.

Analyzing the clinical profile of swine flu/influenza A H1N1 infection in central India: a retrospective study

Sameer Arbat  1 , Mitesh Dave  1 , Vinit Niranjane  1 , Irfan Rahman  2 , Ashok Arbat  1
Affiliations

Analyzing the clinical profile of swine flu/influenza A H1N1 infection in central India: a retrospective study

Sameer Arbat et al. Virusdisease. 2017 Mar.

Abstract

Recently, India reported an increase in swine flu (influenza A H1N1) activity. There are limited studies on epidemiology of swine flu in Indian context. This study aims to analyze clinical and epidemiological profile of suspected swine flu cases in central India. 171 cases were included in a hospital based, observational, descriptive study conducted from December 2014 to April 2015. Demographics, clinical presentation and outcome of positive and negative cases were compared. Data was analyzed using STATA software. Distribution by age, sex and residence was found similar (p > 0.05) in positive and negative cases. Cough (89%), fever (85%) and throat irritation (51%) were chief complaints (avg. duration = 4.9 days). History of travel, history of contact with swine flu cases (p = 0.002) and history of visiting crowded places (p = 0.098) was reported considerably in higher proportion in positive cases as compared to negative cases. There were 14 deaths and they occurred significantly in younger age among positive cases as compared to negatives (Mean ± SD: 34 ± 2.8 vs 47 ± 8.4 years). Case fatality ratio (CFR) in positive cases showing history of travel, contact with swine flu cases, requiring invasive ventilator support and >3 X-ray zones involvement were significantly higher. Outbreak in later part of winter, high case fatality and younger population is more affected. In this study, swine flu infection and outbreaks started later in the year Hospital stay and CFR were increased. Understanding the swine flu infection, changing clinical presentation of swine flu and formulate new strategies for its prevention and management.

Keywords: Case fatality ratio; H1N1 subtype; Influenza A virus; Swine flu clinical profile.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Time distribution of swine flu cases (n = 117). Daily frequency distribution of swine flu cases treated at Krims Hospital, Nagpur from 28th December 2014 to 14th April 2015
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Geographical distribution of swine flu cases in Central India region
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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