Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Apr 28;8(2):e0015.
doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10292.

The Female Urinary Microbiota/Microbiome: Clinical and Research Implications

Linda Brubaker  1   2 , Alan J Wolfe  3
Affiliations

The Female Urinary Microbiota/Microbiome: Clinical and Research Implications

Linda Brubaker et al. Rambam Maimonides Med J. .

Abstract

The changing science of the urinary microbiota and microbiome has both clinical and research implications. This review paper provides an overview of the state of this science, as well as a discussion of the potential for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease. The history of techniques used for clinical detection of infection are placed into context along with the modern methods of bacterial detection and identification.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Dr Brubaker has received editorial honoraria from UpToDate and the journal Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. Dr Wolfe has received research support from Astellas Scientific and Medical Affairs, Inc. for urinary microbiome research. Both authors have received funding from the NIH and Loyola University Chicago for urinary microbiome research (see funding acknowledgements).

References

    1. Gao Z, Tseng CH, Pei Z, Blaser MJ. Molecular analysis of human forearm superficial skin bacterial biota. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:2927–32. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0607077104. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grice EA, Kong HH, Conlan S, et al. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science. 2009;324:1190–2. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171700. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, et al. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science. 2005;308:1635–8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1110591. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature. 2009;457:480–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07540. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Frank DN, St Amand AL, Feldman RA, Boedeker EC, Harpaz N, Pace NR. Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:13780–5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706625104. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources