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Comparative Study
. 2017 Apr 30;22(5):717.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22050717.

Chemical Comparison of Two Drying Methods of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Xin-Fang Xu  1 , Shu-Ya Xu  2 , Ying Zhang  3 , Hui Zhang  4 , Meng-Nan Liu  5 , Huan Liu  6 , Yan Gao  7 , Xue Xue  8 , Hui Xiong  9 , Rui-Chao Lin  10   11 , Xiang-Ri Li  12   13
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Chemical Comparison of Two Drying Methods of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Xin-Fang Xu et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

In traditional Chinese medicine practice, drying method is an essential factor to influence the components of Chinese medicinal herbs. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based approach was used to compare the content of chemical compounds of mountain cultivated ginseng that had been natural air dried (LX-P) and vacuum freeze-dried (LX-L). Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to select the influential components of different samples. There were 41 ginsenosides unambiguously identified and tentatively assigned in both LX-L and LX-P. The results showed that the characteristic components in LX-P were ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rg6, dendrolasin, and ginsenoside Rb2. The characteristic components in LX-L were malonyl-ginsenoside Re, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1, malonyl-ginsenoside Rc, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 isomer, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb2, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb3, malonyl-ginsenoside Rd isomer, gypenoside XVII, and notoginsenoside Fe. This is the first time that the differences between LX-L and LX-P have been observed systematically at the chemistry level. It was indicated that vacuum freeze-drying method can improve the content of malonyl-ginsensides in mountain cultivated ginseng.

Keywords: OPLS-DA; PCA; UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS; mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG); vacuum freeze-drying.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative based peak intensity (BPI) chromatograms of LX-P and LX-L samples. (A) Natural air dried ginseng (LX-P); (B) Vacuum freeze-dried ginseng (LX-L).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The principal component analysis (PCA) of LX-L and LX-P. LX-P: Natural air dried mountain cultivated ginseng; LX-L: Vacuum freeze-dried mountain cultivated ginseng.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrogram of LX-L and LX-P. LX-P: Natural air dried mountain cultivated ginseng; LX-L: Vacuum freeze-dried mountain cultivated ginseng.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The S-Plot of LX-P and LX-L. 1 ion (tR 4.56 min, m/z 1109.6176), 2 ion (tR 4.76 min, m/z 1079.6058), 3 ion (tR 4.98 min, m/z 1079.6069), 4 ion (tR 5.56 min, m/z 947.5623) and 5 ion (tR 10.00 min, m/z 219.1749); 6 ion (tR 2.98 min, m/z 1033.5633), 7 ion (tR 4.65 min, m/z 1195.6194), 8 ion (tR 4.85 min, m/z 1165.6094) 9 ion (tR 4.91 min, m/z 1195.6187), 10 ion (tR 5.10 min, m/z 1165.6088), 11 ion (tR 5.37 min, m/z 1165.6067), 12 ion (tR 5.93 min, m/z 1033.5693), 13 ion (tR 5.95 min, m/z 947.5623) and 14 ion (tR 6.28 min, m/z 917.5517).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The ion intensity plot of LX-P and LX-L. LX-P: Natural air dried mountain cultivated ginseng; LX-L: Vacuum freeze-dried mountain cultivated ginseng; (A) Dendrolasin at m/z 219.1748 (tR 10.00 min); (B) Mal-ginsenoside Rc at m/z 1165.6094 (tR 4.85 min).
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