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. 2017 Apr-Jun;16(2):81-84.
doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_21_16.

Pediatric otorhinolaryngology emergencies at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: Study of frequency, management, and outcomes

Adeyi A Adoga  1 , Emoche T Okwori  1 , John P Yaro  1 , Andrew A Iduh  1
Affiliations

Pediatric otorhinolaryngology emergencies at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: Study of frequency, management, and outcomes

Adeyi A Adoga et al. Ann Afr Med. 2017 Apr-Jun.

Abstract
in English, French

Background: Studies from Nigeria on pediatric otorhinolaryngology (ORL) emergencies are rare in literature with most focusing on emergencies involving individual systems.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of all ORL emergencies among children in our region to provide a baseline data for future health planning.

Patients and methods: This is a 1-year retrospective cross-sectional study of patients aged 16 years and below presenting to the Accident and Emergency Department of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.

Results: A total of 203 otolaryngology emergencies were attended of which 129 (63.5%) were pediatric emergencies. Records of 87 patients were retrievable with age range 2 months to 15 years (mean 3.44 years; standard deviation ± 3.35). There were 55 males and 32 females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The majority of cases were aged under 5 years (64; 73.6%). Acute tonsillitis accounted for 32 (36.7%) cases with 6 (6.9%) having peritonsillar abscesses. Acute pharyngitis accounted for 11 (12.6%) presentations followed closely by foreign bodies (FBs) in the ear with 10 (11.5%) presentations. FB in the throat occurred in 4 (4.6%) patients who had removal under general anesthesia. Three (3.4%) cases of maxillofacial injuries occurred as a result of insurgent terror attacks and 3.4% presented following corrosive substance ingestion. Conservative management was commenced in 76 (87.4%) patients, 23 (26.4%) had surgery with 68 (78.2%) admitted and discharged, 18 (20.7%) treated as outpatients, and 1 (1.1%) died on admission. Otolaryngologists attended most (95.4%) patients.

Conclusion: Pediatric ORL emergencies are common in our region involving a wide range of pathologies. Expansion is required in the ORL training of the emergency room physician to enhance emergency services.

Contexte:: Les études menées au Nigéria sur les urgences en ORL sont rares dans la littérature, la plupart se concentrant sur des situations d’urgence impliquant des systèmes individuels.

Objectif:: Le but de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de toutes les urgences ORL chez les enfants de notre région afin de fournir des données de base pour la planification future de la santé.

Patients et Méthodes:: Il s’agit d’une étude transversale rétrospective d’un an portant sur des patients âgés de 16 ans et moins présentés au Service d’Urgence et d’Urgence de l’Hôpital Universitaire Jos, Jos, Nigeria.

Résultats:: Au total, 203 urgences oto-rhino-laryngologiques ont été observées, dont 129 (63,5%) étaient des urgences pédiatriques. Les dossiers de 87 patients étaient récupérables avec une tranche d’âge de 2 mois à 15 ans (moyenne de 3,44 ans, écart type ± 3,35). Il y avait 55 hommes et 32 femmes avec un rapport mâle à femme de 1,7: 1. La majorité des cas étaient âgés de moins de 5 ans (64, 73,6%). Les amygdalites aiguës ont représenté 32 (36,7%) cas avec 6 (6,9%) abcès péritonsillaires. La pharyngite aiguë a représenté 11 (12,6%) présentations suivies de près par des corps étrangers (FB) dans l’oreille avec 10 (11,5%) présentations. FB dans la gorge est survenu chez 4 (4,6%) patients ayant subi une exérèse sous anesthésie générale. Trois (3,4%) cas de lésions maxillo-faciales ont été causés par des attaques terroristes et 3,4% par des substances corrosives. La prise en charge conservatrice a débuté chez 76 patients (87,4%), 23 (26,4%) ont subi une intervention chirurgicale, 68 (78,2%) ont été hospitalisés et 18 (20,7%) patients ambulatoires. Les oto-rhino-laryngologues ont fréquenté la plupart des patients (95,4%).

Conclusion:: Les urgences ORL pédiatriques sont fréquentes dans notre région et impliquent un large éventail de pathologies. L’agrandissement est nécessaire dans la formation ORL du médecin de salle d’urgence pour améliorer les services d’urgence.

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