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. 2017 Apr 20:8:610.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00610. eCollection 2017.

Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures

Sieun An  1   2   3 , Li-Jun Ji  2 , Michael Marks  4 , Zhiyong Zhang  3
Affiliations

Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures

Sieun An et al. Front Psychol. .

Erratum in

Abstract

We employ a novel paradigm to test whether six basic emotions (sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and happiness; Ekman, 1992) contain both negativity and positivity, as opposed to consisting of a single continuum between negative and positive. We examined the perceived negativity and positivity of these emotions in terms of their affective and cognitive components among Korean, Chinese, Canadian, and American students. Assessing each emotion at the cognitive and affective levels cross-culturally provides a fairly comprehensive picture of the positivity and negativity of emotions. Affective components were rated as more divergent than cognitive components. Cross-culturally, Americans and Canadians gave higher valence ratings to the salient valence of each emotion, and lower ratings to the non-salient valence of an emotion, compared to Chinese and Koreans. The results suggest that emotions encompass both positivity and negativity, and there were cross-cultural differences in reported emotions. This paradigm complements existing emotion theories, building on past research and allowing for more parsimonious explanations of cross-cultural research on emotion.

Keywords: affect; cognition; culture; dialectical thinking; emotion.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Comparison of the positivity and negativity of emotions (0 = Not at all; 6 = Extremely).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Positivity and negativity of emotions across countries. (A) Sadness, (B) Fear, (C) Disgust, (D) Anger, (E) Happiness, and (F) Surprise. (0 = Not at all; 6 = Extremely).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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