Uranium (238U) bioaccumulation and its persuaded alterations on hematological, serological and histological parameters in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi

Abstract

The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the effect of ½ and ¼ LC₅₀ of ²³⁸U in different organs in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi for water-borne ²³⁸U accumulation was investigated. The toxicological data due to ²³⁸U accumulation on the hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) to evaluate the oxygen carrying capacity has been indicated as the secondary response of the organisms. The biomarkers of liver damage were determined as by Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), γ-Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT). Similarly, the renal biomarkers of kidney damage were accessed by creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The decrease in hemoglobin in the experimental group due to disturbed synthesis of hemoglobin was directly proportional to the concentration and exposure duration of ²³⁸U. The histological studies proved that liver and gills are the target organ for ²³⁸U toxicity. The extensive histological lesions were observed in various tissues due to oxidative stress by the accumulation of ²³⁸U, and the ²³⁸U toxicity in the organs was in the order of Gills<liver<brain<muscle. This study can be useful indicators of ²³⁸U toxicity to assess fish health in Uranium (²³⁸U) biomonitoring programs.

Keywords: ALP; Creatinine; Histology; Pangasius sutchi; SGOT; SGPT; Uranium.