Late-Onset Noninfectious Pulmonary Complications After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract

Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs), most of which occur between 3 months and 2 years following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), have a significant effect on patient outcomes and are highly associated with mortalities and morbidities. LONIPCs can involve all anatomic lung regions: bronchi, parenchyma, vessels, and pleura; this diversity can lead to various clinical entities. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is the most frequent LONIPC. Most LONIPCs are associated with graft-versus-host disease. Evaluation of prophylactic strategies for LONIPCs is necessary to improve outcomes in high-risk allogeneic HSCT recipients.

Keywords: Bronchiolitis obliterans; Interstitial lung disease; Lung graft-versus-host disease; Organizing pneumonia; Pleural effusion; Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis; Pulmonary vascular disease; Thoracic air leak syndrome.