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. 2016 Oct 10;29(4):142-148.

[Current anesthesia risk of anterior mediastinal masses]

[Article in Spanish]
Affiliations
  • PMID: 28481065

[Current anesthesia risk of anterior mediastinal masses]

[Article in Spanish]
M Aguilera-Pujabet et al. Cir Pediatr. .

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the current risk of an anesthetic event during surgical acts in pediatric patients with anterior mediastinal masses (AMM) in a tertiary oncology center, using the previously published risk factors to plan the procedure.

Materials and methods: Retrospective study (2009-2015) of pediatric patients with AMM who underwent surgical procedures at debut. Published risk factors (symptoms, radiological findings), with special focus on the statistically significant ones, diagnosis, surgical and anesthetic procedure, special measures, and anesthetic events were recorded. Patients were classified as high or low-risk when airway or vascular compression or severe symptoms were present.

Main results: Retrospective study (2009-2015) of pediatric patients with AMM who underwent surgical procedures at debut. Published risk factors (symptoms, radiological findings), with special focus on the statistically significant ones, diagnosis, surgical and anesthetic procedure, special measures, and anesthetic events were recorded. Patients were classified as high or low-risk when airway or vascular compression or severe symptoms were present.

Conclusions: Preoperative evaluation of risk in AMM through clinical history and CT/MRI and surgical/anesthetic planning leads to excellent outcomes. The least aggressive procedures should be favored, but if needed, planned general anesthesia under experienced hands is safe even in risk patients.

Objetivo: Analizar el riesgo actual de eventos anestésicos durante intervenciones quirúrgicas en pacientes con masas mediastínicas anteriores (MMA) en un centro terciario, utilizando los factores de riesgo publicados en la literatura para planificar el procedimiento.

Materiales y metodos: Estudio retrospectivo (2009-2015) de los pacientes pediátricos con MMA sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos al debut. Se registraron: factores de riesgo publicados (clínicos, radiológicos), particularmente los estadísticamente significativos, diagnóstico, procedimiento quirúrgico y anestésico, medidas especiales y eventos anestésicos. Los pacientes se clasificaron como alto o bajo riesgo según presentasen compresión en vía aérea o vascular o síntomas de gravedad.

Resultados: Registramos a 38 pacientes (media de edad 11,9 años ± 4,2). El 94,7% presentaban trastornos linfoproliferativos. El 50% tenían síntomas respiratorios y el 76,3% fueron considerados como de alto riesgo, al presentar uno o más factores ES. Solo 4 casos recibieron neoadyuvancia. Se realizaron 29 biopsias (3 toracoscópicas), 11 colocaciones de catéteres centrales, 2 drenajes torácicos y 3 resecciones. La técnica anestésica consistió en sedoanalgesia (60,5%) y diversas técnicas de anestesia general (41,4% de los casos de alto riesgo). Solo registramos 2 eventos (5,3%) consistentes en dificultad para la ventilación, respondiendo ambos a medidas básicas. Todas las intervenciones se finalizaron satisfactoriamente.

Conclusiones: La evaluación preoperatoria del riesgo en MMA mediante historia clínica y TAC/RMN junto a la planificación anestésico-quirúrgica conduce a unos resultados excelentes. Deben favorecerse los procedimientos menos invasivos, pero si son precisos, la anestesia general planificada y en manos expertas es segura incluso en pacientes de riesgo.

Keywords: Anesthetic; Anterior mediastinal mass; Children; Surgery.

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