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. 2017 May 9;12(5):e0176549.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176549. eCollection 2017.

Association between a history of mycobacterial infection and the risk of newly diagnosed Sjögren's syndrome: A nationwide, population-based case-control study

Wen-Cheng Chao  1   2   3 , Ching-Heng Lin  1 , Tsai-Ling Liao  1   4 , Yi-Ming Chen  1   4   5   6 , Der-Yuan Chen  4   5   6   7   8 , Hsin-Hua Chen  1   4   5   6   7   9
Affiliations

Association between a history of mycobacterial infection and the risk of newly diagnosed Sjögren's syndrome: A nationwide, population-based case-control study

Wen-Cheng Chao et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objective: To address the association between a history of tuberculosis (TB) or nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection and the risk of newly diagnosed Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods: Using a nationwide, population-based, claims dataset, and after excluding those who had rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, we identified 5,751 newly diagnosed SS cases during 2007-2012, and compared them to 86,265 non-SS controls matched (1:15) for age, sex, and the year of first SS diagnosis date. The association between the risk of incident SS and a history of mycobacterial infection, including TB and NTM, was quantified by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression analysis after adjustment for Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and bronchiectasis.

Results: The mean age was 55±14 years, and the proportion of female gender was 87.8% in both newly diagnosed SS cases andnon-SS controls. An association was observed between NTM infection (OR, 11.24; 95% CI, 2.37-53.24) and incident SS, but not between TB infection and incident SS (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97-1.71) after adjustment for CCI and bronchiectasis. The association between NTM and SS risk was remarkably strong among those aged between 45 and 65 years (OR, 39.24; 95% CI, 3.97-387.75) and those without bronchiectasis (OR, 39.98; 95% CI, 3.83-376.92).

Conclusion: The study reveals a significant association of newly diagnosed SS with a history NTM infection, especially among individuals aged 40-65 years or those without bronchiectasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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