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. 2016 Aug 12;13(5):1-6.
doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v13i5.1. eCollection 2016.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS SPP. AND PISTASCIA LENTISCUS LEAF EXTRACTS

Khaled Qabaha  1 , Sari Abu Ras  1 , Jehad Abbadi  2 , Fuad Al-Rimawi  3
Affiliations

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS SPP. AND PISTASCIA LENTISCUS LEAF EXTRACTS

Khaled Qabaha et al. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. .

Abstract

Background: Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus are among the Palestinian trees that are traditionally used in folkloric medicine in treating many diseases; leaves of which are thought to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The goal of this study is to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus extracts on Lipopolysacaride (LPS)-induced Interlukin-6 (Il-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) by polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNCs).

Materials and methods: Polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from the whole blood using Histopaque (Ficol-1077) method and then cultured in an enriched Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RBMI) medium. Supernatants' Interlukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) levels were determined 24 hour after LPS stimulation. HPLC was employed to determine the concentration of phenolic compounds in the extracts. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were compared using paired-samples t test.

Results: Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus leaves extracts have shown significant reduction in the levels of both Il-6 and TNF-α Gallic acid; a strong anti-inflammatory agent was found to be the major phenolic compound in both leaf extracts. However, other anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds were detected in Pitascia lentiscus extract including syringic acid and p-coumaric acid, while chlorogenic acid was detected in Eucalyptus spp. leaf extract.

Conclusion: Reduction in the levels of Il-6 and TNF-α upon the effect of both Eucalyptus spp. and Pistascia lentiscus extract is an indication of their anti-inflammatory effects. Our results may also indicate that the observed anti-inflammatory effect of the above extracts may be due to the presence of gallic acid and other phenolic compounds. List of Abbreviations and Nomenclature: LPS: Lipopolysacaride, Il-6: Interlukin-6, TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, PMNCs: Polymorphonuclear Cells, HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography, ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay, EDTA: Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid, PBS: phosphate buffered saline, RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Eucalyptus spp; HPLC; IL-6; Pistascia lentiscus; TNF-alpha.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatogram of the eight phenolic compounds investigated in this study. Mobile phase: methanol/water with 2% of acetic acid (18:82, v/v), flow rate 1.0 mL/min, injection volume 20 μL. Column: C18, 5 μm, 25 cm length, 4.6 mm inner diameter. UV detection: 280 nm. Analytes separated: (1) Gallic acid, (2) chlorogenic acid (3) Vanillic acid, (4) Caffeic acid, (5) Syringic acid, (6) p-coumaric acid, (7) ferulic acid, and (8) sinapic acid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatogram of Pistascia lentiscus ethanolic leaf extract. Analytes separated: (1) Gallic acid, (2) Syringic acid, (3) p-coumaric acid. For other experimental conditions, see legend of Figure 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatogram of Eucalyptus spp. ethanolic leaf extract. Analytes separated: (1) Gallic acid, (2) chlorogenic acid (3). For other experimental conditions, see legend of Figure 1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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