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. 2017 Dec;58(1):7.
doi: 10.1186/s40529-017-0161-2. Epub 2017 Jan 9.

Chilling susceptibility in mungbean varieties is associated with their differentially expressed genes

Li-Ru Chen  1 , Chia-Yun Ko  2 , William R Folk  3 , Tsai-Yun Lin  4
Affiliations

Chilling susceptibility in mungbean varieties is associated with their differentially expressed genes

Li-Ru Chen et al. Bot Stud. 2017 Dec.

Abstract

Background: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an economically important legume of high nutritional value, however, its cultivation is limited by susceptibility to chilling. Varieties NM94 and VC1973A, with differential susceptibility to stress, serve as good materials for uncovering how they differ in chilling tolerance. This study aimed to identify the ultrastructural, physiological and molecular changes to provide new insights on the differential susceptibility to chilling between varieties VC1973A and NM94.

Results: Chilling stress caused a greater reduction in relative growth rate, a more significant decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and DPPH scavenging activity and more-pronounced ultrastructural changes in VC1973A than in NM94 seedlings. Comparative analyses of transcriptional profiles in NM94 and VC1973A revealed that the higher expression of chilling regulated genes (CORs) in NM94. The transcript levels of lipid transfer protein (LTP), dehydrin (DHN) and plant defensin (PDF) in NM94 seedlings after 72 h at 4 °C was higher than that in its parental lines VC1973A, 6601 and VC2768A.

Conclusions: Our results suggested that LTP, DHN and PDF may mediate chilling tolerance in NM94 seedlings.

Keywords: Chilling regulated genes (CORS); Chilling tolerance; DHN; LTP; PDF; Vigna radiata.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of chilling/cold stress on RGR, Fv/Fm, H2O2 generation and DPPH scavenging capacity in mungbean. Leaves of 4-DAI seedling were used to measure RGR (a), Fv/Fm (b) and whole seedlings of 3-DAI were used for in situ H2O2 detection (c) and measurement of DPPH scavenging capacity (d). Treatment time in a is indicated by a dash line with starting (downward) and ending (upward) arrows. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls test. Symbols indicate significant difference between NM94 and VC1973A; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Ultrastructural changes in mesophylls and chloroplasts under chilling. 3-DAI mungbean seedlings grown at 25 °C were exposed to 25 °C (a, c) or 4 °C (b, d–l) for 1 day to examine ultrastructural changes (shown by white arrows) in VC1973A (upper panel) and NM94 (lower panel) with TEM. a–d palisade cells; e–l chloroplasts
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The electrolyte leakage and transcript levels of VrLTP1, VrDhn1 and PDF2.1 in mungbean seedlings under chilling. The 6601, VC2768A, VC1973A and NM94 seedling at 5-DAG were exposed to 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C for 48 h and the electrolyte leakage (a) were measured as the conductivity of electrolyte from leaves. Error bar represents standard error (n = 6). qRT-PCR (b) was performed to validate the relative quantification (log10 scale) at five time points for genes encoding VrLTP1, VrDhn1 and PDF2.1. Error bar represents SE
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