Incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) according to its severity and temporal grading classification

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) incidence after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and classify by gravity and frequency.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 75 patients with no previous episodes of HE who underwent TIPS between 2008 and 2014 with clinical follow-up after 6 and 12 months. Patient risk factors evaluated include age, INR (international normalized ratio), creatinine, bilirubin, and MELD score (Model for End-of-stage Liver Disease). HE was reported using two classifications: (1) gravity divided in moderate (West-Haven grades I-II) and severe (III-IV); (2) frequency divided in episodic and recurrent/persistent.

Results: Overall HE incidence was 36% at 6 months, with 12 month incidence significantly decreased to 27% (p = 0.02). 13/75 (17%) patients had one episode of moderate HE, while 3/75 (4%) patients had severe recurrent/persistent HE. Age was the only pre-TIPS risk predictor. Post-TIPS bilirubin and INR showed variations from basal values only in the presence of diagnosed HE. Bilirubin significantly increased (p = 0.03) in correlation to HE severity, whereas INR changes correlated with temporal frequency (p = 0.04). HE distribution classified for severity is similar at 6 and 12 months, whereas when classified for frequency shows significant differences (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: A classification by gravity and frequency attests post-TIPS HE as a manageable risk. Monitoring of bilirubin and INR may help on clinical management risk stratification.

Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy; Interventional; Liver; Liver cirrhosis; Portasystemic shunt; Radiology; Transjugular intrahepatic.