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. 2018 Feb;63(2):85-93.
doi: 10.1177/0706743717711170. Epub 2017 May 16.

Presence and Predictive Value of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders

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Presence and Predictive Value of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders

Mieke Klein Hofmeijer-Sevink et al. Can J Psychiatry. 2018 Feb.

Abstract

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) co-occur frequently with anxiety and depressive disorders, but the nature of their relationship and their impact on severity of anxiety and depressive disorders is poorly understood. In a large sample of patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, we assessed the frequency of OCS, defined as a Young Adult Self-Report Scale-obsessive-compulsive symptoms score >7. The associations between OCS and severity of anxiety and/or depressive disorders were examined, and it was investigated whether OCS predict onset, relapse, and persistence of anxiety and depressive disorders.

Methods: Data were obtained from the third (at 2-year follow-up) and fourth wave (at 4-year follow-up) of data collection in the Netherlands Study of Anxiety and Depression cohort, including 469 healthy controls, 909 participants with a remitted disorder, and 747 participants with a current anxiety and/or depressive disorder.

Results: OCS were present in 23.6% of the total sample, most notably in those with current combined anxiety and depressive disorders. In patients with a current disorder, OCS were associated with severity of this disorder. Moreover, OCS predicted (1) first onset of anxiety and/or depressive disorders in healthy controls (odds ratio [OR], 5.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 29.14), (2) relapse in those with remitted anxiety and/or depressive disorders (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.55 to 3.46), and (3) persistence in patients with the combination of current anxiety and depressive disorders (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.54 to 7.70) within the 2-year follow-up period Conclusions: OCS are closely related to both the presence and severity of anxiety and depressive disorders and affect their course trajectories. Hence, OCS might be regarded as a course specifier signaling unfavorable outcomes. This specifier may be useful in clinical care to adapt and intensify treatment in individual patients.

Objectif:: Les symptômes obsessionnels-compulsifs (SOC) sont fréquemment co-occurrents avec les troubles anxieux et dépressifs, mais la nature de leur relation et de leur effet sur la gravité des troubles anxieux et dépressifs est mal comprise. Dans un vaste échantillon de patients souffrant de troubles anxieux et dépressifs, nous avons évalué la fréquence des SOC, définis comme étant un score > 7 à l’échelle d’auto-évaluation de jeunes adultes des symptômes obsessionnels-compulsifs (YASR-SOC > 7). Les associations entre les SOC et la gravité des troubles anxieux et/ou dépressifs ont été examinées, et la question de savoir si les SOC prédisent l’apparition, la rechute ou la persistance des troubles anxieux et dépressifs a été étudiée.

Méthodes:: Les données ont été obtenues du 3e cycle (au suivi de 2 ans) et du 4e cycle (au suivi de 4 ans) de la collecte de données de la cohorte de l’étude néerlandaise de l’anxiété et de la dépression (NESDA), incluant 469 témoins en santé, 909 participants en rémission, et 747 participants souffrant actuellement d’un trouble anxieux et/ou dépressif.

Résultats:: Les SOC étaient présents chez 23,6 % de l’échantillon en entier, particulièrement chez ceux souffrant actuellement de troubles anxieux et dépressifs combinés. Chez les patients souffrant d’un trouble actuel, les SOC étaient associés à la gravité de ce trouble. En outre, les SOC prédisaient 1) la première apparition des troubles anxieux et/ou dépressifs chez les sujets témoins en santé (RC 5,79; IC à 95 % 1,15 à 29,14); 2) la rechute chez ceux qui étaient en rémission des troubles anxieux et/ou dépressifs (RC 2,31; IC à 95 % 1,55 à 3,46); et 3) la persistance chez les patients ayant une combinaison des troubles anxieux et dépressifs actuels (RC 4,42; IC à 95 % 2,54 à 7,70) dans la période du suivi de 2 ans.

Conclusions:: Les SOC sont étroitement liés à la présence et à la gravité des troubles anxieux et dépressifs, et influent sur les trajectoires de leur cours. Les SOC peuvent donc être estimés être un déterminant du cours des troubles qui signale des résultats défavorables. Ce déterminant peut être utile dans les soins cliniques pour adapter et intensifier le traitement de patients individuels.

Keywords: anxiety disorders; comorbidity; course; depressive disorders; obsessive-compulsive symptoms; prevalence; prognosis; severity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Items of the Young Adult Self-Report Scale, obsessive-compulsive symptoms (YASR-OCS).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) across healthy controls, participants with a remitted anxiety and/or depressive disorder, and participants with a current anxiety and/or depressive disorder (N = 2125). Presence of OCS was defined as scores on the YASR-OCS > 7. YASR-OCS = Young Adult Self-Report Scale, obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Overall statistics: χ2: 473.74(df = 4), P < 0.001.

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