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Review
. 2017 Mar 15;215(suppl_3):S134-S141.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw648.

Measuring the Size of the Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir: The Present and Future of Evaluating Eradication Strategies

Timothy J Henrich  1 , Steven G Deeks  2 , Satish K Pillai  3
Affiliations
Review

Measuring the Size of the Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir: The Present and Future of Evaluating Eradication Strategies

Timothy J Henrich et al. J Infect Dis. .

Abstract

One of the major barriers to the successful design and implementation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) curative strategies is the limited ability to sensitively, specifically, and precisely quantify and characterize the whole-body burden of replication-competent HIV in individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy. Here, we review the development and validation of assays that directly and indirectly measure the size and distribution of the reservoir in blood and tissues. We also discuss the role that treatment interruptions will have in validating these assays and ultimately as a "proof of cure."

Keywords: HIV persistence; HIV reservoirs; Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); antiretroviral treatment interruption.; quantitative assays.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Milestones of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle targeted by HIV reservoir assays. Viral biomarkers of the viral reservoir include infectious units in plasma (A); plasma viral RNA or antigens (B); inducible proviral assays (C); linear unintegrated viral DNA (D); integrated proviral DNA (E); 2-LTR (long terminal repeat) circular viral DNA (F); unspliced viral messenger RNA (mRNA) (G); multiply spliced viral mRNA (H); viral protein (I).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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