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Review
. 2017 May 18:5:18.
doi: 10.1186/s40364-017-0097-4. eCollection 2017.

Bone biomarker for the clinical assessment of osteoporosis: recent developments and future perspectives

Tsung-Rong Kuo  1   2 , Chih-Hwa Chen  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Bone biomarker for the clinical assessment of osteoporosis: recent developments and future perspectives

Tsung-Rong Kuo et al. Biomark Res. .

Abstract

Bone biomarkers included formation, resorption and regulator are released during the bone remodeling processes. These bone biomarkers have attracted much attention in the clinical assessment of osteoporosis treatment in the past decade. Combination with the measurement of bone mineral density, the clinical applications of bone biomarkers have provided comprehensive information for diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, the analytical approaches of the bone biomarkers are still the challenge for further clinical trials. In this mini-review, we have introduced the functions of bone biomarkers and then recently developed techniques for bone biomarker measurements have been systematically integrated to discuss the possibility for osteoporosis assessment in the early stage.

Keywords: Bone biomarker; Bone formation; Bone resorption; Bone turnover; Osteoporosis; Regulators.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Biochemical biomarkers of bone turnover. Blue boxes/arrows represent bone formation markers: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP); osteocalcin (OC); propeptides of type I procollagen (P1NP and P1CP). Orange boxes/arrows represent bone resorption markers: pyridinoline (PYD); deoxypyridoline (DPD); carboxy-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1); amino-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX-1); hydroxyproline (HYP); hydroxylysine (HYL); bone sialoprotein (BSP); osteopontin (OP); tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b); cathepsin K (CTSK). Green boxes represent regulators of bone turnover: receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), dickkopf-1 (DDK-1) and sclerostin. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [9]. Copyright @ 2015, Nature Publishing Group
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