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. 2017 May 25;12(5):e0178213.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178213. eCollection 2017.

Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by bacterial consortium LV-1 enriched from river sludge

Yangyang Wang  1   2   3 , Fangfang Li  3 , Xinling Ruan  2   3 , Jian Song  3 , Lv Lv  3 , Liyuan Chai  4 , Zhihui Yang  4 , Lin Luo  1
Affiliations

Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by bacterial consortium LV-1 enriched from river sludge

Yangyang Wang et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

A stable bacterial consortium (LV-1) capable of degrading di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was enriched from river sludge. Community analysis revealed that the main families of LV-1 are Brucellaceae (62.78%) and Sinobacteraceae (14.83%), and the main genera of LV-1 are Brucella spp. (62.78%) and Sinobacter spp. (14.83%). The optimal pH and temperature for LV-1 to degrade DBP were pH 6.0 and 30°C, respectively. Inoculum size influenced the degradation ratio when the incubation time was < 24 h. The initial concentration of DBP also influenced the degradation rates of DBP by LV-1, and the degradation rates ranged from 69.0-775.0 mg/l/d in the first 24 h. Degradation of DBP was best fitted by first-order kinetics when the initial concentration was < 300 mg/l. In addition, Cd2+, Cr6+, and Zn2+ inhibited DBP degradation by LV-1 at all considered concentrations, but low concentrations of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ enhanced DBP degradation. The main intermediates (mono-ethyl phthalate [MEP], mono-butyl phthalate [MBP], and phthalic acid [PA]) were identified in the DBP degradation process, thus a new biochemical pathway of DBP degradation is proposed. Furthermore, LV-1 also degraded other phthalates with shorter ester chains (DMP, DEP, and PA).

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Bacterial community structure of LV-1.
(a) at family level; (b) at genus level.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Effects of pH (a) and temperature (b) on degradation of DBP by LV-1.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Effect of inoculum size on biodegradation of DBP by LV-1.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Effect of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on biodegradation of DBP by LV-1.
(a) Cd2+; (b) Cr6+; (c) Zn2+; (d) Pb2+; (e) Cu2+; (f) Mn2+. The difference lowercases above the column indicate the influence of heavy metals on DBP degradation with significant differences.
Fig 5
Fig 5. DBP degradation profiles of different DBP initial concentrations.
(a) DBP degradation; (b) DBP degradation rate at first day.
Fig 6
Fig 6. MS spectra of the intermediates of DBP by LV-1.
(a) MBP, (b) MEP, and (c) PA.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Proposed biochemical degradation pathway for DBP by LV-1.
The dashed box indicates the inferred intermediate that was not detected in this study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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