Novel Diabetes Drugs and the Cardiovascular Specialist

Abstract

Recently, treatment with 2 newer classes of type 2 diabetes drugs were found to reduce events in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease, a group common in cardiology clinics. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, markedly and rapidly reduced CV death and heart failure hospitalization, likely with hemodynamic/metabolic-driven mechanisms of action. More recently, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists liraglutide and semaglutide also reduced CV death and/or major adverse CV events, but did so more slowly and did not influence heart failure risks, suggesting alternative mechanisms of benefit. We will discuss drug therapy for diabetes relative to CV risk, briefly summarize key findings of CV benefit from recent trials, discuss potential mechanisms for benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, and suggest how such drugs might be embraced by CV specialists to reduce CV events and mortality in their patients.

Keywords: blood glucose; cardiovascular disease; heart failure; hypoglycemic agents; outcomes.