Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft

S J Bolton¹, A Adriani², V Adumitroaie³, M Allison⁴, J Anderson⁵, S Atreya⁶, J Bloxham⁷, S Brown³, J E P Connerney^{8

9}, E DeJong³, W Folkner³, D Gautier¹⁰, D Grassi², S Gulkis³, T Guillot¹¹, C Hansen¹², W B Hubbard¹³, L Iess¹⁴, A Ingersoll¹⁵, M Janssen³, J Jorgensen¹⁶, Y Kaspi¹⁷, S M Levin³, C Li¹⁵, J Lunine¹⁸, Y Miguel¹¹, A Mura², G Orton³, T Owen¹⁹, M Ravine²⁰, E Smith³, P Steffes²¹, E Stone¹⁵, D Stevenson¹⁵, R Thorne²², J Waite⁵, D Durante¹⁴, R W Ebert⁵, T K Greathouse⁵, V Hue⁵, M Parisi³, J R Szalay⁵, R Wilson²³

Affiliations

¹ Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA. sbolton@swri.edu.
² Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, 00133 Rome, Italy.
³ Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
⁴ Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA.
⁵ Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
⁶ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁷ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁸ Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, MD 21403, USA.
⁹ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
¹⁰ Laboratoire d'Études Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.
¹¹ Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange CNRS, 06304 Nice, France.
¹² Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
¹³ Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
¹⁴ Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
¹⁵ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
¹⁶ National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
¹⁷ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
¹⁸ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
¹⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
²⁰ Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
²¹ Center for Space Technology and Research, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
²² Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
²³ Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.

PMID: 28546206
DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2108

Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft

S J Bolton et al. Science. 2017.

. 2017 May 26;356(6340):821-825.

doi: 10.1126/science.aal2108.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA. sbolton@swri.edu.
² Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, 00133 Rome, Italy.
³ Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
⁴ Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA.
⁵ Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
⁶ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁷ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
⁸ Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, MD 21403, USA.
⁹ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
¹⁰ Laboratoire d'Études Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.
¹¹ Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange CNRS, 06304 Nice, France.
¹² Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
¹³ Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
¹⁴ Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
¹⁵ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
¹⁶ National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
¹⁷ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
¹⁸ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
¹⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
²⁰ Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
²¹ Center for Space Technology and Research, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
²² Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
²³ Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.

PMID: 28546206
DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2108

Abstract

On 27 August 2016, the Juno spacecraft acquired science observations of Jupiter, passing less than 5000 kilometers above the equatorial cloud tops. Images of Jupiter's poles show a chaotic scene, unlike Saturn's poles. Microwave sounding reveals weather features at pressures deeper than 100 bars, dominated by an ammonia-rich, narrow low-latitude plume resembling a deeper, wider version of Earth's Hadley cell. Near-infrared mapping reveals the relative humidity within prominent downwelling regions. Juno's measured gravity field differs substantially from the last available estimate and is one order of magnitude more precise. This has implications for the distribution of heavy elements in the interior, including the existence and mass of Jupiter's core. The observed magnetic field exhibits smaller spatial variations than expected, indicative of a rich harmonic content.

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Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft

Affiliations

Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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