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. 2017 May 18;10(5):782-789.
doi: 10.18240/ijo.2017.05.21. eCollection 2017.

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Iran: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Saman Maroufizadeh  1 , Amir Almasi-Hashiani  1 , Mostafa Hosseini  2 , Mahdi Sepidarkish  1 , Reza Omani Samani  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Iran: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

Saman Maroufizadeh et al. Int J Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Aim: To estimate the overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Iran by a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Methods: We conducted a search of all published literature on diabetic patients for the prevalence of DR using Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and national electronic databases SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex from their inception until September 2016 with standard keywords. Pooled estimates of the DR prevalence and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effects models.

Results: Thirty-one studies involving 23 729 patients with type I and II diabetes were included. The publication bias assumption for prevalence of DR was rejected by Begg and Egger tests (P=0.825, P=0.057, respectively). The results of Cochran test and I2 statistics showed considerable heterogeneity for prevalence of DR (Q=1278.21, d.f.=30, P<0.001 and I2=97.7%). The prevalence of DR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Iranian diabetic patients were 41.9% (95% CI: 35.6-48.2), 32.2% (95% CI: 28.7-35.8), and 13.2% (95% CI: 8.3-18.1), respectively.

Conclusion: The prevalence of DR in Iran appears a little high. NPDR was more common. This study highlights the necessity for DR screening and management in diabetic patients in Iran.

Keywords: Iran; Meta-analysis; diabetic retinopathy; prevalence; systematic review.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow diagram of the literature search for studies included in Meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Forest plot showing prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients in Iran.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Forest plot showing prevalence of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients in Iran.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Forest plot showing prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients in Iran.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Funnel plot for assessing publication bias in Meta-analysis for diabetic retinopathy.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Funnel plot for assessing publication bias in Meta-analysis for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Figure 7
Figure 7. Funnel plot for assessing publication bias in Meta-analysis for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Figure 8
Figure 8. Cumulative Meta-analysis of diabetic retinopathy by sorting the studies based on publication time.
Figure 9
Figure 9. Cumulative Meta-analysis of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy by sorting the studies based on publication time.
Figure 10
Figure 10. Cumulative Meta-analysis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy by sorting the studies based on publication time.
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