Postoperative nausea and vomiting in facial fracture patients: A Randomized and controlled trial on the effect of dexamethasone

Abstract

This study aimed to establish the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in facial fracture patients. The specific aim was to investigate the effect of perioperative dexamethasone on PONV. A total of 119 adult patients with facial fractures were analysed in this prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive perioperatively either a total dose of 30mg of dexamethasone i.v. and i.m., or no glucocorticoid (control). PONV was evaluated every 6hours during the first postoperative 24hours and when pain medications were given. PONV occurred in 20 out of 119 patients (16.8%). The only significant (P=0.016) association with PONV was postoperative administration of opioids. Slightly more cases of PONV occurred for patients who had not received dexamethasone (20%) compared to those who had (13.6%). PONV was also non-significantly more common in patients ≥40 years (21.3%) than in patients < 40 years (12.1%), after orbital floor reconstruction (28.0%) compared with mandibular (11.6%) and zygomatic (15.6%) fractures surgeries, and also after anaesthesia lasting >97minutes (21.7%) compared with a shorter duration (11.3%). Alternative medications should be used for prevention of post-surgery nausea and vomiting in facial fracture patients.

Keywords: dexamethasone; facial fracture; postoperative nausea and vomiting.