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Clinical Trial
. 2017;87(6):385-395.
doi: 10.1159/000475711. Epub 2017 May 29.

Vitamin D and Albuminuria in Youth with and without Type 1 Diabetes

Debika Nandi-Munshi  1 , Maryam Afkarian  2 , Kathryn B Whitlock  3 , Jamie L Crandell  4 , Ronny A Bell  5 , Ralph D'Agostino  6 , Sharon Saydah  7 , Amy K Mottl  8 , Dana Dabelea  9 , Mary Helen Black  10 , Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis  11 , Catherine Pihoker  1
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Vitamin D and Albuminuria in Youth with and without Type 1 Diabetes

Debika Nandi-Munshi et al. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017.

Abstract

Background/aims: In adults, lower vitamin D has been associated with increased albuminuria. This association has not been extensively studied in youth with or without type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D and albuminuria (urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) in 8,789 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001-2006 (NHANES), who were 6-19 years old. Further, we examined the association between vitamin D and albuminuria in 938 participants from the SEARCH Nutritional Ancillary Study (SNAS), a longitudinal cohort of youth with type 1 diabetes.

Results: Of the NHANES participants, 5.3, 19.5, and 53.7% had vitamin D levels <30, 50 and 80 nmol/L, respectively. Albuminuria was present in 12.8% and was more common in younger children, females, non-Hispanic whites, non-obese children, and children with hypertension. After adjustments, there was no association between vitamin D and albuminuria. Among the SNAS participants with type 1 diabetes, we also found no association between baseline vitamin D and subsequent albuminuria in unadjusted or adjusted analyses.

Conclusion: We did not find an association between serum vitamin D and albuminuria in either non-diabetic youth or those with type 1 diabetes. Further research is needed to more fully understand this relationship.

Keywords: Adolescents; Albuminuria; Children; Type 1 diabetes; Vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in NHANES
Participants included children and adolescents 6–19 years of age, participating in NHANES 2001–2006, who had a serum vitamin D and urine albumin and creatinine measurement available. Vitamin D levels of 12, 20 and 32 ng/ml correspond to thresholds of <30, 50 and 80nmol/L for vitamin D deficiency.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Unadjusted prevalence of albuminuria by categories of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in NHANES
Figure 3
Figure 3. Distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in SNAS
Study population included SNAS participants with type 1 diabetes, diabetes duration of > 3 months before the baseline visit with baseline vitamin D and baseline and follow-up urine albumin and creatinine measurements. Vitamin D levels of 12, 20 and 32 ng/ml correspond to thresholds of <30, 50 and 80nmol/L for vitamin D deficiency.
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