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. 2017 May;139(5):e20161433.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-1433. Epub 2017 Apr 10.

Race and Obesity in Adolescent Hypertension

Eric L Cheung  1 , Cynthia S Bell  1 , Joyce P Samuel  1 , Tim Poffenbarger  1 , Karen McNiece Redwine  1   2 , Joshua A Samuels  3
Affiliations

Race and Obesity in Adolescent Hypertension

Eric L Cheung et al. Pediatrics. 2017 May.

Abstract

Background and objectives: The overall prevalence of essential hypertension in adolescents may be growing. Differences in blood pressure (BP) are well established in adults, but are less clear in adolescents. We hypothesize that the prevalence of hypertension differs by race/ethnicity among adolescents at school-based screenings.

Methods: We performed school-based BP screening in over 20 000 adolescents from 2000 to 2015. Race/ethnicity was self-reported. Height and weight were measured to determine BMI, and BP status was confirmed on 3 occasions to diagnose sustained hypertension according to Fourth Working Group Report criteria.

Results: We successfully screened 21 062 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (mean, 13.8 years). The final prevalence of sustained hypertension in all subjects was 2.7%. Obesity rates were highest among African American (3.1%) and Hispanic (2.7%) adolescents. The highest rate of hypertension was seen in Hispanic (3.1%), followed by African American (2.7%), white (2.6%), and Asian (1.7%) adolescents (P = .019). However, obese white adolescents had the highest prevalence of sustained hypertension (7.4%) compared with obese African American adolescents (4.5%, P < .001). At lower BMI percentiles (<60th percentile), Hispanic adolescents actually had the lowest predicted prevalence of hypertension among the 4 groups.

Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension varies among different race/ethnicities. Although obesity remains the strongest predictor of early hypertension, the strength of this relationship is intensified in Hispanic and white adolescents, whereas it is lessened in African American adolescents.

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Conflict of interest statement

POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obese BMI categories within each group.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Hypertension prevalence across BMI percentiles. HTN, hypertension.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Prevalence of sustained hypertension by race/ethnicity and BMI.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Predicted prevalence of sustained hypertension by BMI percentile.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Relative risk of sustained hypertension by sample characteristics. Black boxes indicate the relative risk, with box size indicating the precision of the estimate (bigger size = more precise). Gray lines represent 95% confidence intervals. An arrow at the end of a gray line indicates that the 95% confidence interval extends beyond the range of the figure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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