Respiratory and Swallowing Outcomes Based on Aneurysm Location in 360 Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Abstract

Introduction: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may result in abnormal respiratory and swallowing function. We analyzed factors that may influence long-term respiratory and swallowing function in aSAH patients and compared patients with anterior and posterior aneurysm locations.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 360 consecutive aSAH patients. We recorded location of the aneurysm and respiratory indices on admission, in-hospital adverse respiratory events, and the need for tracheostomy (for respiratory failure) or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube (for prolonged dysphagia). Respiratory and swallowing function was also reviewed at 1 year and at most recent clinical follow-up.

Results: Aneurysms consisted of 293 described as anterior circulation (81.4%) and 67 described as posterior circulation (18.6%), including 31 patients with basilar artery aneurysms and 16 with posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. There were no differences in oxygen saturation or PaO₂:FiO₂ ratio on admission, though patients with PICA aneurysms presented significantly more commonly with endotracheal intubation. PICA aneurysm patients had higher rates of tracheostomy and PEG tube dependence at 1 year in univariate analysis. Higher Hunt-Hess grade was a predictor of pneumonia and prolonged intubation, whereas older age and prolonged hospitalization were predictors of PEG placement in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions: Ruptured anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms have similar rates of in-hospital respiratory and swallowing dysfunction. There was a higher rate of swallowing dysfunction in the posterior circulation aneurysm group compared with the anterior group at most recent follow-up (12% vs. 2%, P = 0.035). Patients with PICA aneurysms demonstrated higher rates of tracheostomy and PEG, though the latter did not achieve statistical significance.

Keywords: Aneurysm; Percutaneous gastrostomy; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Tracheostomy.