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Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Jun 1;12(6):e0178699.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178699. eCollection 2017.

Antioxidant agents for delaying diabetic kidney disease progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Davide Bolignano  1 , Valeria Cernaro  2 , Guido Gembillo  2 , Rossella Baggetta  1 , Michele Buemi  2 , Graziella D'Arrigo  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Antioxidant agents for delaying diabetic kidney disease progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Davide Bolignano et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress is a key player in the genesis and worsening of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We aimed at collecting all available information on possible benefits of chronic antioxidant supplementations on DKD progression.

Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Population: Adults with DKD (either secondary to type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus).

Search strategy and sources: Cochrane CENTRAL, Ovid-MEDLINE and PubMed were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs without language or follow-up restriction.

Intervention: Any antioxidant supplementation (including but not limited to vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, methionine or ubiquinone) alone or in combination.

Outcomes: Primary outcome was progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Secondary outcomes were change in albuminuria, proteinuria, serum creatinine and renal function.

Results: From 13519 potentially relevant citations retrieved, 15 articles referring to 14 full studies (4345 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Antioxidant treatment significantly decreased albuminuria as compared to control (8 studies, 327 participants; SMD: -0.47; 95% CI -0.78, -0.16) but had apparently no tangible effects on renal function (GFR) (3 studies, 85 participants; MD -0.12 ml/min/1.73m2; 95% CI -0.06, 0.01). Evidence of benefits on the other outcomes of interest was inconclusive or lacking.

Limitations: Small sample size and limited number of studies. Scarce information available on hard endpoints (ESKD). High heterogeneity among studies with respect to DKD severity, type and duration of antioxidant therapy.

Conclusions: In DKD patients, antioxidants may improve early renal damage. Future studies targeting hard endpoints and with longer follow-up and larger sample size are needed to confirm the usefulness of these agents for retarding DKD progression.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Study selection flow.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Effect of antioxidants vs. control on urinary albumin (2a); sensitivity analyses on separate effects by Vitamin E (2b) and Vitamin C supplements (2c).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Publication bias (funnel plot) for urinary albumin.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Effect of antioxidants vs. control on renal function (GFR).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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