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Review
. 2017 Jul;44(3):635-650.
doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2017.02.020. Epub 2017 Apr 22.

Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering: Regeneration of the Skin and Its Contents

Amy L Strong  1 , Michael W Neumeister  2 , Benjamin Levi  3
Affiliations
Review

Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering: Regeneration of the Skin and Its Contents

Amy L Strong et al. Clin Plast Surg. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

In this review, the authors discuss the stages of skin wound healing, the role of stem cells in accelerating skin wound healing, and the mechanism by which these stem cells may reconstitute the skin in the context of tissue engineering.

Keywords: Adipose-derived stem cells; Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Epithelial stem cells; Hair follicle stem cells; Interfollicular epidermal stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells; Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Schematic representation of human skin and its cell populations
(A) The skin contains three layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is a stratified epithelium composed of 4 to 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. Other structures in the skin include the hair follicles, arrector pili muscle, and blood vessels. The hair follicle is further divided into junction zone, the isthmus, and the bulge. Epithelial stem cells located in the stratum basale and the isthmus and bulge of the hair follicle that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into epithelial cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Mechanism of MSCs
MSCs have both direct and indirect effects of wound healing. Direct effects of MSCs are associated with the differentiate into dermal fibroblast, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Paracrine effects of MSCs include the secretion of anti-inflammation cytokines and chemokines to modulate the inflammatory process and promote neovascularization through endothelial cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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