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. 2017 May 30:5:e3379.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.3379. eCollection 2017.

Prevalence and seroepidemiology of Haemophilus parasuis in Sichuan province, China

Zhenghao Wang #  1 , Qin Zhao #  1 , Hailin Wei  1 , Xintian Wen  1 , Sanjie Cao  1 , Xiaobo Huang  1 , Rui Wu  1 , Qigui Yan  1 , Yong Huang  1 , Yiping Wen  1
Affiliations

Prevalence and seroepidemiology of Haemophilus parasuis in Sichuan province, China

Zhenghao Wang et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer's disease, has been reported as widespread, but little is known about its epidemiology in the Sichuan province of China. The goal of our research is to reveal the prevalence and distribution of H. parasuis in this area. Sampling and isolation were performed across Sichuan; isolates were processed using serotyping multiplex PCR (serotyping-mPCR) and agar gel diffusion (AGD) for confirmation of serovar identity. This study was carried out from January 2014 to May 2016 and 254 H. parasuis field strains were isolated from 576 clinical samples collected from pigs displaying clinical symptoms. The isolation frequency was 44.10%. Statistically very significant differences of infection incidence were found in three age groups (P < 0.01) and different seasons (P < 0.01). Serovars 5 (25.98%) and 4 (23.62%) were the most prevalent, however, non-typeable isolates accounted for nearly 7.87%. In terms of geographical distribution, serovars 5 and 4 were mostly prevalent in west and east Sichuan. The results confirmed that the combined approach was dependable and revealed the diversity and distribution of serovars in Sichuan province, which is vital for efforts aimed at developing vaccine candidates allowing for the prevention or control of H. parasuis outbreaks.

Keywords: Haemophilus parasuis; Seroepidemiology; Serovar.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare there are no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Gross lesions in H. parasuis infected pigs.
(A) Fibrinous pericarditis. (B) Fibrinous pleuritis.
Figure 2
Figure 2. mPCR of serotyping for H. parasuis field isolates and standard strains.
(A) M: DL 2000 DNA Marker (Takara); C: blank control; S1, S2, S4, S5, S7, S8 and S9: standard strains of serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 98;FS1, FS2, FS4, FS5, FS7, FS8 and FS9: field isolates AB14011, GA14051, YA14041, GA14032, LS14031, GA15013, NC14041 (There were no field isolates of serovars 3, 6, 10 or 15 obtained in the investigation). (B) M: DL 2000 DNA Marker (Takara, Shiga, Japan); S11, S12, S13, S14, S3, S6, S10 and S15: standard strains of serovars 11, 12, 13, 14, 3,6,10 and 15; FS11, FS12, FS13 and FS14: field isolates CD14021, LS15044, NJ14021, MY14021; N1: non-typeable strain; N2: A. pleuropneumoniae; N3: Streptococcus suis.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Agar gel diffusion (AGD) of serotyping for H. parasuis field isolates.
(A) S1: hyperimmune antiserum of serovar 5; F1: H. parasuis field isolates GA14032; F2: H. parasuis field isolates CD14041; P1 and P2: positive control of reference strain for serovar 5; N1: negative control of A. pleuropneumoniae; N2: blank control. (B) S2: hyperimmune antiserum of serovar 12; F3: H. parasuis field isolates CD14051; F4: H. parasuis field isolates LS15044; P3 and P4: positive control of reference strain for serovar 12; N3: negative control of A. pleuropneumoniae; N4: blank control.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Distribution and variation of different serovars of H .parasuis in Sichuan province, China.
(A) Distribution of different serovars of H. parasuis in east and west Sichuan. (B) Variation of different serovars of H. parasuis during a two year five months survey period.
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