DMclust, a Density-based Modularity Method for Accurate OTU Picking of 16S rRNA Sequences

Abstract

Clustering 16S rRNA sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is a crucial step in analyzing metagenomic data. Although many methods have been developed, how to obtain an appropriate balance between clustering accuracy and computational efficiency is still a major challenge. A novel density-based modularity clustering method, called DMclust, is proposed in this paper to bin 16S rRNA sequences into OTUs with high clustering accuracy. The DMclust algorithm consists of four main phases. It first searches for the sequence dense group defined as n-sequence community, in which the distance between any two sequences is less than a threshold. Then these dense groups are used to construct a weighted network, where dense groups are viewed as nodes, each pair of dense groups is connected by an edge, and the distance of pairwise groups represents the weight of the edge. Then, a modularity-based community detection method is employed to generate the preclusters. Finally, the remaining sequences are assigned to their nearest preclusters to form OTUs. Compared with existing widely used methods, the experimental results on several metagenomic datasets show that DMclust has higher accurate clustering performance with acceptable memory usage.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; OTUs; clustering; metagenomic; modularity.