Comparison of Long-term Outcomes of Heparin Bonded Polytetrafluoroethylene and Autologous Vein Below Knee Femoropopliteal Bypasses in Patients with Critical Limb Ischaemia

Abstract

Objective/background: Endovascular first is the preferred therapy approach to critical limb ischaemia (CLI). However, in spite of new endovascular techniques, bypass surgery still plays an important role, especially in patients with complex anatomy in whom endovascular therapy is not considered feasible, or has failed. The goal of this study was to analyse the outcomes of prosthetic or autologous vein for femoropopliteal (P3) bypasses performed under the abovementioned conditions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent a femoropopliteal (P3) bypass for CLI (March 2007-December 2015) was conducted. Endovascular therapy was not possible. Patency rates, limb salvage, major adverse limb event (MALE) free survival, and survival after 5 years were analysed.

Results: In total, 151 cases were included in the analysis (rest pain 35.8%, ulcer/gangrene 64.3%). The graft material was autologous vein in 76 cases (vein group) and heparin bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (HePTFE) in 75 cases (HePTFE group). Indications, risk factors, previous revascularisation procedures, and runoff vessels were similar in both groups. Thirty day mortality was 6.6% in the vein group and 5.3% in the HePTFE group (p = .508), early graft occlusion (6.6% vs. 5.3%; p = .508) and 30 day major amputation rate (0% vs. 2.7%; p = .245) were similar between the two groups. Overall primary patency was 51.7% (55.5% [vein group] vs. 51.7% [HePTFE group]; p = .897) and overall secondary patency was 64.2% (74.6% [vein group] vs. 55.6% [HePTFE group]; p = .119), all without significance after 5 years. However, limb salvage (79.1%) was significantly different (90.0% [vein group] vs. 62.9% [HePTFE group]; p = .021). Survival was similar between the groups (47.3% vs. 42.9%; p = .582) as well as MALE free survival (69.4% vs. 55.0%; p = .348).

Conclusion: Bypasses to the below knee popliteal artery show good results in patients with CLI unsuitable for endovascular therapy. Vein is still the first line graft material.

Keywords: Critical limb ischaemia; Femoropopliteal (P3) bypasses; Graft material.