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. 2017:24:20.
doi: 10.1051/parasite/2017021. Epub 2017 Jun 8.

Attractiveness of black and white modified Shannon traps to phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, an area of intense transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Andreia Fernandes Brilhante  1 , Márcia Moreira de Ávila  2 , Jailson Ferreira de Souza  3 , Antônio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa  1 , Priscila Bassan Sábio  1 , Marcia Bicudo de Paula  1 , Rodrigo Espindola Godoy  1 , Leonardo Augusto Kohara Melchior  4 , Vânia Lúcia Brandão Nunes  5 , Cristiane de Oliveira Cardoso  6 , Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati  1
Affiliations

Attractiveness of black and white modified Shannon traps to phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, an area of intense transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Andreia Fernandes Brilhante et al. Parasite. 2017.

Abstract
in English, French

In the Amazon region the phlebotomine fauna is considered one of the most diverse in the world. The use of Shannon traps may provide information on the anthropophily of the species and improve the traps' performance in terms of diversity and quantity of insects collected when white and black colored traps are used together. This study sought to verify the attractiveness of the traps to the phlebotomine species of the Brazilian Amazon basin using Shannon traps under these conditions. The insects were collected using two Shannon traps installed side by side, one white and the other black, in a primary forest area of the municipality of Xapuri, Acre, Brazil. Samples were collected once a month during the period August 2013 to July 2015. A sample of females was dissected to test for natural infection by flagellates. A total of 6,309 (864 males and 5,445 females) specimens (36 species) were collected. Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai (42%), Nyssomyia shawi (36%), and Psychodopygus davisi (13%), together represented 90% of the insects collected. Nyssomyia shawi and Psychodopygus davisi were more attracted by the white color. Specimens of Nyssomyia shawi, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus were found naturally infected by flagellates in the mid and hindgut. This is the first study in Acre state using and comparing both black and white Shannon traps, demonstrating the richness, diversity, and anthropophilic behavior of the phlebotomine species and identifying proven and putative vectors of the etiological agents of leishmaniasis.

Dans la région amazonienne, la faune des phlébotomes est considérée comme l’une des plus diversifiées au monde. L’utilisation de pièges Shannon peut fournir des informations sur l’anthropophilie de l’espèce et améliorer les performances des pièges en termes de diversité et de quantité d’insectes recueillis lorsque des pièges de couleur blanche et noire sont utilisés ensemble. Cette étude a cherché à vérifier l’attractivité des pièges pour les phlébotomes du bassin de l’Amazone brésilien en utilisant des pièges Shannon dans ces conditions. Les insectes ont été recueillis en utilisant deux pièges Shannon installés côte à côte, l’un blanc et l’autre noir, dans une zone de forêt primaire de la municipalité de Xapuri, Acre, au Brésil. Des échantillons ont été prélevés une fois par mois pendant la période d’août 2013 à juillet 2015. Un échantillon de femelles a été disséqué pour la recherche d’une infection naturelle par des flagellés. Un total de 6 309 spécimens (864 mâles et 5 445 femelles) de 36 espèces ont été recueillis dans les pièges. Psychodopygus carrerai carrerai (42 %), Nyssomyia shawi (36 %) et Psychodopygus davisi (13 %) représentent ensemble 90 % des insectes récoltés. Nyssomyia shawi et Psychodopygus davisi étaient plus attirés par la couleur blanche. Des spécimens de Nyssomyia shawi, Nyssomyia whitmani et Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus ont été trouvés naturellement infectés par des flagellés dans l’intestin moyen et postérieur. Ceci est la première étude réalisée dans l’état d’Acre à l’aide de pièges Shannon noirs et blancs, qui démontre la richesse, la diversité, le comportement anthropophile des espèces de phlébotomes et qui identifie des vecteurs confirmés et putatifs des agents étiologiques de la leishmaniose.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Political map of Brazil, highlighting the Acre state and Xapuri municipality with the study area.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The black and white modified Shannon traps situated in front of the “Samaúma” and near the track area, Xapuri municipality, Acre State, Brazil.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Sample-based species accumulation curves with a 95% confidence interval for white and black Shannon traps, August 2013–July 2015, Xapuri municipality, Acre state, Brazil.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Individual-based species accumulation curves with a 95% confidence interval for white and black Shannon traps, August 2013–July 2015, Xapuri municipality, Acre state, Brazil.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Hourly rhythm of the three most frequent species of phlebotomines by dry and rainy season, in March and August 2014, April and July 2015, in 24-h collections, Xapuri municipality, Acre state, Brazil.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Monthly distribution of Williams’ mean of the three most frequent species in Xapuri municipality and monthly mean rainfall (mm) in Rio Branco municipality, Acre state, Brazil, August 2013–July 2015.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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