Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2017 Sep 1;37(8):969-973.
doi: 10.1093/asj/sjx089.

Periorbital and Temporal Anatomy, "Targeted Fat Grafting," and How a Novel Circulatory System in Human Peripheral Nerves and Brain May Help Avoid Nerve Injury and Blindness During Routine Facial Augmentation

Joel E Pessa  1 , Jeffrey M Kenkel  1 , Coy D Heldermon  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Periorbital and Temporal Anatomy, "Targeted Fat Grafting," and How a Novel Circulatory System in Human Peripheral Nerves and Brain May Help Avoid Nerve Injury and Blindness During Routine Facial Augmentation

Joel E Pessa et al. Aesthet Surg J. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(A) The entire meningeal surface of human dura is an interlaced network of neurochannels (black arrow). (B) The histology of dura shows vessels (V) with intervening channels (C). This circulatory system has molecular and structural characteristics similar to xylem/pholem (ie, vessels and tracheids) (100×). (C) Nerves are invested by a prolific network of neurochannels (black arrow). (D) Neurochannels exist in all layers including the perineurium seen here (white arrows) (1200×3D volume view).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Cerebrospinal fluid ultimately drains to a plexus of vessels in the temporal fossa (black arrows). We have cannulated the falx in the dissection. This is a flow system from sagittal sinus to thoracic duct.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Secondary drainage of CSF occurs from neurochannels through bony foramina directly to lymphatics. (A) Neurochannels exist the skull at the occipital protuberance (black arrow). (B) We injected these channels with fluorescent dye. (C) Dura is turned down. (D) The dura, as well as the arachnoid, fluoresces. This is iatrogenic retrograde flow from lymphatic vessels to brain.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Lymphatic injections can travel to nerves. (A) We injected a lymphatic (black arrow) traveling to this nerve with molecular gold. (B) Imaging shows gold particles not only in perineurium (white arrow), but in endoneural channels as well (400x).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. Huang RL, Xie Y, Wang W et al. . Anatomical study of temporal fat compartments and its clinical application for temporal fat grafting. Aesthet Surg J. 2017;37(8):855–862. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Davidge KM, van Furth WR, Agur A, Cusimano M. Naming the soft tissue layers of the temporoparietal region: unifying anatomic terminology across surgical disciplines. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(3 Suppl Operative):ons120-ons1209; discussion ons129. - PubMed
    1. Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL. The relationship of the superficial and deep facial fascias: relevance to rhytidectomy and aging. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1992;89(3):441-449; discussion 450. - PubMed
    1. Pessa JE. SMAS fusion zones determine the subfascial and subcutaneous anatomy of the human face: fascial spaces, fat compartments, and models of facial aging. Aesthet Surg J. 2016;36(5):515-526. - PubMed
    1. Jung W, Youn KH, Won SY, Park JT, Hu KS, Kim HJ. Clinical implications of the middle temporal vein with regard to temporal fossa augmentation. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(6):618-623. - PubMed