Percutaneous intervention for central shunts: new routes, new strategies

Abstract

Introduction In traditional locations, the standard Blalock-Taussig shunt presents numerous technical difficulties for percutaneous intervention. We changed our strategy to a central type shunt (Laks-type) with end-to-side pulmonary and side-to-side aortic anastomosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether this modified strategy would allow easier percutaneous manipulation in patients with small pulmonary arteries. Methods All children with a stretchable central vascular graft who required any form of percutaneous intervention were prospectively enrolled in the study. Results Eleven infants were evaluated a median time of 3 months (range 0.9-4.4) following initial shunt placement; the median weight at intervention was 5.7 kg (range: 4.0 - 10.0). All shunts (100%) were easily and swiftly entered without the need for special catheters or co-axial systems. In four patients other interventions in distal pulmonary arteries were first performed: cutting balloon treatment in three and balloon angioplasty of peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in one. The shunts were then augmented with a stent with a diameter increasing from 3.5 ± 0.4 mm to 4.7 ± 0.8 mm and saturation increasing from 76% (range: 69-88) to 84% (range: 77-88) (P < 0.05). Several months later, two children required further interventions that could easily be performed via the stented shunts. No complications were observed. Conclusions The Laks-type shunt provides easy access for percutaneous procedures of the distal pulmonary arteries including cutting balloons; this shunt can predictably be expanded to augment pulmonary flow. This study highlights how co-operation between the interventionalist and the surgeon can improve strategies to manage these difficult patients.

Keywords: Hypoplasia pulmonary artery; angioplasty; intervention; shunt; stent.