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. 2017 May 18;22(20):30539.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.20.30539.

Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) in England and Wales, 2004 to 2013: testing and diagnoses

Georgina Ireland  1 , Sara Croxford  1 , Jennifer Tosswill  1 , Rajani Raghu  1 , Katy Davison  1 , Patricia Hewitt  2 , Ruth Simmons  1 , Graham Taylor  3
Affiliations

Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) in England and Wales, 2004 to 2013: testing and diagnoses

Georgina Ireland et al. Euro Surveill. .

Abstract

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection has been under enhanced surveillance in England and Wales since 2002, however, little is known about testing patterns. Using data from two surveillance systems held at Public Health England, we described HTLV antibody testing patterns between 2008 and 2013 and the demographic and clinical characteristics of persons diagnosed with HTLV in England and Wales between 2004 and 2013. An increase in HTLV testing was observed in England between 2008 and 2013 (3,581 to 7,130). Most tests (82%; 7,597/9,302) occurred within secondary care, 0.5% (48/9,302) of persons were reactive for HTLV antibodies and 0.3% (27/9,302) were confirmed positive. Increasing age and female sex were predictors of a reactive HTLV screen and confirmed diagnosis. Testing in primary care including sexual health and antenatal services was infrequent. Between 2004 and 2013, 858 people were diagnosed with HTLV, most of whom were female (65%; 549/851), of black Caribbean ethnicity (60%), not born in the United Kingdom (72%; 369/514) and asymptomatic at diagnosis (45%; 267/595). Despite increased testing, the epidemiology and clinical features of those diagnosed with HTLV have remained consistent. Apart from donor screening, testing for HTLV infection remains uncommon, except to diagnose associated disease.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Epidemiology; HTLV-1; HTLV-2; Surveillance; Testing.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow of data within the Sentinel Surveillance of Blood Borne Virus Testing, England, 2008–2013, and the enhanced surveillance of HTLV, England and Wales, 2004–2013
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trends in HTLV antibody testing in five sentinel laboratories, England, 2008–2013 (n = 29,519)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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