Role of Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, investigators have focused on the gut microbiota, which is thought to be an environmental agent affecting the development of RA. Here we review the evidence from animal and human studies that supports the role of the gut microbiota in RA. We and others have demonstrated that the abundance of Prevotella copri is increased in some early RA. We have also used gnotobiotic experiments to show that dysbiosis in RA patients contributed to the development of Th17 cell-dependent arthritis in intestinal microbiota-humanized SKG mice. On the other hand, Prevotella histicola from human gut microbiota suppressed the development of arthritis. In summary, Prevotella species are involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis.

Keywords: Prevotella copri; Th17 cell; gut; microbiota; rheumatoid arthritis.

Figure 1

Environmental factors such as smoking, hormones, gut microbiota, and periodontal bacteria are important in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Prevotella copri-dominated microbiota may contribute to the development of arthritis, whereas P. histicola suppresses the onset of arthritis.