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Review
. 2017 Aug:92:826-835.
doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.136. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

The multifaceted role of natriuretic peptides in metabolic syndrome

Prasanna K Santhekadur  1 , Divya P Kumar  2 , Mulugeta Seneshaw  2 , Faridoddin Mirshahi  2 , Arun J Sanyal  3
Affiliations
Review

The multifaceted role of natriuretic peptides in metabolic syndrome

Prasanna K Santhekadur et al. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Aug.

Abstract

Due to globalization and sophisticated western and sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome has emerged as a serious public health challenge. Obesity is significantly increasing worldwide because of increased high calorie food intake and decreased physical activity leading to hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Thus, metabolic syndrome constitutes cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and recently some cancers are also considered to be associated with this syndrome. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of natriuretic peptides (NP) in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. The natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones, which are produced in the cardiac atrium, ventricles of the heart and the endothelium. These peptides are involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium intake, potassium transport, lipolysis in adipocytes and regulates blood pressure. The three known natriuretic peptide hormones present in the natriuretic system are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). These three peptides primarily function as endogenous ligands and mainly act via their membrane receptors such as natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) and regulate various physiological and metabolic functions. This review will shed light on the structure and function of natriuretic peptides and their receptors and their role in the metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: Hypertension; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome; Natriuretic peptides; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

No conflicts to disclose: Prasanna K. Santhekadur, Divya P. Kumar, Mulugeta Seneshaw.

Faridoddin Mirshahi: No conflicts to disclose. He has ownership interest in Sanyal Biotechnology.

Dr. Arun Sanyal: None for this project. Dr. Sanyal is President, Chairman and Chief medical officer of Sanyal Biotechnology and has stock options in Genfit. He has served as a consultant to AbVie, Astra Zeneca, Nitto Denko, Nimbus, Salix, Tobira, Takeda, Fibrogen, Lilly, Zafgen, Novartis, Pfizer, Immuron, Exhalenz and Genfit. He has been an unpaid consultant to Intercept, Echosens, Immuron, Amarin, Ardelyx, Fractyl, Syntlogic, Nordic Bioscience and Bristol Myers Squibb. His institution has received grant support from Gilead, Salix, Tobira, Intercept, Merck, Astra Zeneca and Novartis.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The three main types of natriuretic peptides and their receptors.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The role of natriuretic peptides in association with the diet and physical activity.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Action of natriuretic peptides on different target organs in the human body.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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