Substance Use, Intoxication, and Withdrawal in the Critical Care Setting

Abstract

Substance use is common among individuals admitted to the critical care setting and may complicate treatment of underlying disorders. Management issues include the effects of intoxication as well as the risk posed by substance-withdrawal syndromes in patients being treated for critical illness. This article reviews the epidemiology of substance use in this population and the identification and treatment of common intoxication and withdrawal syndromes. The authors stress the importance of long-term planning as part of the overall treatment protocol beyond the acute presentation.

Keywords: Cocaine; Critical care; MDMA; Opioid-related disorders; Stimulant-related disorders; Substance-related disorders; Synthetic cannabinoid; Synthetic cathinone.