Thoracic Neoplasms in Children: Contemporary Perspectives and Imaging Assessment

Abstract

This article focuses on commonly encountered primary lung, airway, mediastinal, and chest wall neoplasms that occur in the pediatric population. Although primary pediatric thoracic neoplasms are rare, imaging is critical in their diagnostic work-up. An overview of the latest imaging techniques specific to evaluate these pediatric thoracic neoplasms is presented across the spectrum of modalities from radiography to PET/MR imaging. In addition, the characteristic imaging appearances of these pediatric primary thoracic neoplasms are discussed with an emphasis on what the radiologist needs to know in routine clinical practice.

Keywords: Chest wall neoplasm; Mediastinal neoplasm; Pediatric patients; Primary airway neoplasm; Primary lung neoplasm.