Affiliation

• ¹ From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (D.L.H., A.F.A., A.M.B.); Center for Surgery and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (D.L.H., A.M.B.); Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts (D.L.H., W.R.B.); University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.F.A.); Penn Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation (CPORT), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.F.A.); Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (J.B.C.); Center for Medical Simulation, Cambridge, Massachusetts (J.B.C.); Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (S.N.G.-F., D.M.G.); Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (W.R.B., A.M.B.); and Boeing Aircraft, Seattle, Washington (D.J.B.).