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. 2017 Jun 12;11(6):e0005656.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005656. eCollection 2017 Jun.

Deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti results in treatment failure in Merida, Mexico

Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec  1 , Anuar Medina-Barreiro  2 , Azael Che-Mendoza  3 , Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla  3 , Fabian Correa-Morales  3 , Guillermo Guillermo-May  2 , Wilbert Bibiano-Marín  2 , Valentín Uc-Puc  2 , Eduardo Geded-Moreno  2 , José Vadillo-Sánchez  2 , Jorge Palacio-Vargas  4 , Scott A Ritchie  5   6 , Audrey Lenhart  7 , Pablo Manrique-Saide  2
Affiliations

Deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti results in treatment failure in Merida, Mexico

Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .

Abstract

The operational impact of deltamethrin resistance on the efficacy of indoor insecticide applications to control Aedes aegypti was evaluated in Merida, Mexico. A randomized controlled trial quantified the efficacy of indoor residual spraying (IRS) against adult Ae. aegypti in houses treated with either deltamethrin (to which local Ae. aegypti expressed a high degree of resistance) or bendiocarb (to which local Ae. aegypti were fully susceptible) as compared to untreated control houses. All adult Ae. aegypti infestation indices during 3 months post-spraying were significantly lower in houses treated with bendiocarb compared to untreated houses (odds ratio <0.75; incidence rate ratio < 0.65) whereas no statistically significant difference was detected between the untreated and the deltamethrin-treated houses. On average, bendiocarb spraying reduced Ae. aegypti abundance by 60% during a 3-month period. Results demonstrate that vector control efficacy can be significantly compromised when the insecticide resistance status of Ae. aegypti populations is not taken into consideration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of the location of the three Merida suburbs (inset) and distribution of treatment and control blocks within each.
Fig 2
Fig 2. House positivity (proportion of Ae. aegypti infested houses) by treatment and survey date.
Panel (A) shows positivity for adult Ae. aegypti and panel (B) positivity for bloodfed female Ae. aegypti. Asterisks (*) indicate statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between each treatment and the control, after a mixed-effects logistic regression model (Table 1).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Average (±SE) number of Ae. aegypti collected per survey date and by treatment.
Panel (A) shows positivity for adult Ae. aegypti and panel (B) positivity for bloodfed female Ae. aegypti. Vertical gray line indicates the timing of the intervention. Asterisks (*) indicate statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between each treatment and the control, mixed-effects Poisson regression model (Table 2).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Results from intensity bottle bioassays evaluating the susceptibility of local Ae. aegypti populations to deltamethrin, defined as knock-down after 30 minutes of exposure to the the diagnostic dose (1x) and at twice, five and ten times the diagnostic dose.
Each letter in the Y axis indicates a locality (SL = San Lorenzo, Itz = Itzincab, ACIM = Acim) and treatment (C = control, B = bendiocarb, D = deltamethrin).
Fig 5
Fig 5. Cone bioassay data showing average mortality of susceptible Ae. aegypti (New Orleans strain) to both insecticides applied in houses belonging to this study at 1–3 months post intervention.
Error bars indicate 95% CI of the mean value.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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