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Review
. 2017 Jun 13;22(6):955.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22060955.

Bioactive Mushroom Polysaccharides: A Review on Monosaccharide Composition, Biosynthesis and Regulation

Qiong Wang  1   2 , Feng Wang  3 , Zhenghong Xu  4   5 , Zhongyang Ding  6   7
Affiliations
Review

Bioactive Mushroom Polysaccharides: A Review on Monosaccharide Composition, Biosynthesis and Regulation

Qiong Wang et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Mushrooms are widely distributed around the world and are heavily consumed because of their nutritional value and medicinal properties. Polysaccharides (PSs) are an important component of mushrooms, a major factor in their bioactive properties, and have been intensively studied during the past two decades. Monosaccharide composition/combinations are important determinants of PS bioactivities. This review summarizes: (i) monosaccharide composition/combinations in various mushroom PSs, and their relationships with PS bioactivities; (ii) possible biosynthetic pathways of mushroom PSs and effects of key enzymes on monosaccharide composition; (iii) regulation strategies in PS biosynthesis, and prospects for controllable biosynthesis of PSs with enhanced bioactivities.

Keywords: bioactivity; biosynthesis; monosaccharide composition; mushroom polysaccharides; regulation; structure-activity relationship.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proposed/deduced/hypothesized biosynthetic pathways for mushroom PSs. 1. Glucokinase (GK); 2. Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI); 3. Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase); 4. Phosphofructokinase (FPK); 5. Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI); 6. Phosphomannose mutase (PMM); 7. GDP-Man pyrophosphorylase (GMP); 8. GDP-Man dehydratase (GMD); 9. GDP-4-keto-6-deoxymannose epimerase/reductase (GMER); 10. Phosphoglucose mutase (PGM); 11. dTDP-glucose pyrophosphorlase (dTDP-GPP); 12 and 13. dTDP-Rha synthase (dTRS); 14. UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGP); 15. UDP-Gal-4-epimerase (UGE); 16. UDP-Glc dehydrogenase (UGDG). 17. UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase/UDP-Xyl synthase (UXS); 18. UDP-Xyl-4-epimerase (UXE).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlations (R2) between activities of exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis enzymes and monosaccharide mole percentages under various carbon source conditions. (A) Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and Man; (B) Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) and Man; (C) GDP-Man pyrophosphorylase (GMP) and Man; (D) Phosphoglucose mutase (PGM) and Gal.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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