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Genesis of Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses

Rabeh El-Shesheny et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Aug.

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 virus emerged in 2016 and spread to Russia, Europe, and Africa. Our analysis of viruses from domestic ducks at Tanguar haor, Bangladesh, showed genetic similarities with other viruses from wild birds in central Asia, suggesting their potential role in the genesis of A(H5N8).

Keywords: Bangladesh; Egypt; United States; central Asian flyway; clade 2.3.4.4; highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8); influenza; respiratory infections; viruses; zoonoses.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Global movement of wild birds (adapted from [8]) and geographic distribution of novel HPAI A(H5N8) viruses, 2016. Influenza A viruses were isolated from wild birds and free-ranging domestic ducks in the Tanguar haor region of Bangladesh (yellow square) during February 2015–February 2016. Dissemination of novel HPAI A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses (red arrows). Dashed circles indicate location of reassortment between HPAI A(H5N8) group B viruses and low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses circulating along the Central Asian flyway. HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Illustration of original reassortment events of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) viruses isolated from Siberia and Europe in 2016. The 8 gene segments (from top to bottom) in each virus are polymerase basic 2, polymerase basic 1, polymerase acidic, hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, neuraminidase, matrix, and nonstructural. Each color indicates a separate virus background. In 2010, HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4 viruses reassorted with subtype N8 viruses from Eurasia and produced A/duck/Jiangsu/k1203/2010(H5N8). Until late 2013, HPAI viruses with H5N8 subtypes circulated in eastern China and South Korea. In 2014, HPAI A(H5N8) viruses reassorted with A/duck/Hunan/8–19/2009(H4N2) and A/environment/Jiangxi/28/2009(H11N9) to generate group B viruses. The subsequent reassortment between HPAI A(H5N8) group B viruses and low pathogenicity (LPAI) viruses circulating along the central Asian flyway led to generation of the novel HPAI A(H5N8) genotype 1 and 2 viruses.
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References

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