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Review
. 2017 May 30:4:66.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00066. eCollection 2017.

Complement in Kidney Transplantation

Marek Cernoch  1 , Ondrej Viklicky  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Complement in Kidney Transplantation

Marek Cernoch et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

The complement system is considered to be an important part of innate immune system with a significant role in inflammation processes. The activation can occur through classical, alternative, or lectin pathway, resulting in the creation of anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, possessing a vast spectrum of immune functions, and the assembly of terminal complement cascade, capable of direct cell lysis. The activation processes are tightly regulated; inappropriate activation of the complement cascade plays a significant role in many renal diseases including organ transplantation. Moreover, complement cascade is activated during ischemia/reperfusion injury processes and influences delayed graft function of kidney allografts. Interestingly, complement system has been found to play a role in both acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejections and thrombotic microangiopathy. Therefore, complement system may represent an interesting therapeutical target in kidney transplant pathologies.

Keywords: antibody-mediated rejection; anticomplement therapy; complement; ischemia/reperfusion injury; kidney transplantation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The simplified overview of main complement activation pathways (MBL, mannose-binding lectin; MAC, membrane attack complex); three main activation pathways are recognized in the complement system, leading to anaphylatoxin release and MAC formation: classical and lectin pathways are reliant on special recognition molecules to recognize a target, alternative pathway is triggered spontaneously with host cells protected by regulator molecules.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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